CHAPTER 12 – STRANGE METEOROLOGY

In the early 1970s Edward N. Lorenz, a meteorologist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, engaged in an interesting study in a field now known as “Chaos theory”. Lorenz posed the question:

Can the flap of a butterfly’s wing over Brazil spawn a tornado over Texas?

The butterfly effect, as it has come to be called, has been studied mathematically and it poses major problems for weather prediction. It states that very small changes in the starting conditions of a model will result in very big changes later. Effectively, it places a limit on the number of days into the future one can predict the weather. Scientists now believe that we will never be able to predict the weather more than a few weeks into the future.

I wondered whether indeed Chaos theory is the only valid answer to the weather prediction problem. What if there’s something else at work too, bedeviling meteorologists? What if there is a tunnel connecting the inner and outer Earth? And what if air were to flow into and out of the inner cavity? Would that not mess up all those finely honed calculations done on those super-computers? It is often stated by scientists that the world’s weather is actually manufactured at the South Pole. What if a Polar Hole exists somewhere near the South Pole which is indeed responsible for some of this?
 

Super-Rotation of the Upper Atmosphere

In 1974 in “Nature” David Hughes wrote:

“Observations of small changes in the orbital inclinations of artificial satellites have shown that the Earth’s upper atmosphere (at altitudes of 150 – 400 km) is rotating about 20 – 30% faster than the Earth itself. This phenomenon has become known as super-rotation….”

Hughes went on to state that the super-rotation of the Earth affected the average satellite’s orbit by about 0.l degree during its life time. Since the effect is so small, it is difficult to monitor the short term behavior of the super-rotating atmosphere. Remember that no one knows why the Venusian atmosphere super-rotates. Hughes theorized about some of the possible causes of super-rotation and ended up discounting them all. Hughes concludes:

“It seems therefore that the cause of super-rotation still remains a mystery and that the Earth’s spinning upper atmosphere is still the happy hunting ground for new theories.”

The super-rotation of the Earth’s atmosphere is nowhere near as great as the effect which occurs on Venus. If the Venusian super-rotation can be explained by way of a Hollow Planet with very large Polar Holes, I wonder if the same is not true for the Earth? The lesser super-rotation on the Earth suggests to me that the Polar Holes here on Earth may be smaller. The principle of the ‘pumping-action’ which I suggested for Venus might apply here on Earth. The faster rotation of the Earth may also result in an atmosphere which has far more energy and which overrides a large part of the effect of the super-rotation. Let me point out too that the jet stream circles the Earth’s polar regions. The jet stream is a very powerful ‘river’ of air which also super-rotates about the Earth. Could it be that the jet stream derives some of its power from air flowing into and out of a Hollow Earth?
 

The Aurora and Weather

Current auroral theory contends that the aurora is only caused by charged particles from the Sun. These particles strike the atmosphere so high up – where it is almost a vacuum – that there is no possible way that these particles can influence the weather. I wondered whether perhaps there could be a connection between a Hollow Earth, the aurora and the weather. In a solid Earth scenario, the Earth’s core lies thousands of miles away, beneath billions of tons of rock. There is no direct link between the Earth’s core and the outer surface. However, in a Hollow Planet scenario, one where a planet has Polar Holes, there is indeed a direct link between the ‘core’ (Inner Sun) and the outer atmosphere. Hence a link between the magnetic field and the weather seems to be a rather natural expectation – whereas on a solid Earth it is a virtual impossibility.

In the regions where the aurora is seen there is often a belief among the inhabitants of some link between the aurora and the weather. Generally, scientists mock this idea because it flies in the face of auroral theory. However, there does exist some evidence of a weak, yet physical link between the aurora and the weather. The aurora is generally accepted as being a high-level phenomenon which occurs in a virtual vacuum. I have mentioned the possible existence of low-level auroras and auroral sound which suggests other factors at work, like electricity for example. This electricity might be generated inside the Earth. The weather connection is even more important since one needs to somehow link the Earth’s core with the lower atmosphere here on the outside of the Earth.

The only way I can see this as a viable possibility is if there is a hole in the crust of a Hollow Earth which allows air to flow into and out of the planet. Perhaps a mechanism exists whereby a central Sun could flare up and cause a pressure wave which travels all the way from the inside of the planet to the outside. What if a central Sun were to bend magnetic lines of force on the outside of the Earth, thereby triggering an aurora while at the same time triggering a powerful pressure wave of air which would slowly travel to the outer atmosphere? Thus one would first see an aurora and then some time later (hours or days later), the physical pressure wave might arrive.

• In 1837 W. B. Clarke wrote that aurora are often followed by wind and rain

• In 1872 W. F. Denning noted that major auroral displays were followed by a gale within 48 hours

• In 1873 W. R. Birt noted that thunderstorms and aurorae seem to wax and wane together

• In 1963 a paper in the “Journal of the British Astronomical Association” noted that records from the great 19th century Arctic expeditions contain many account of ‘clouds’ becoming aurorae after nightfall. These same aurorae then turned into ‘clouds at dawn

(Several other examples of observations and experiments linking aurora activity with weather are given which have been omitted here.) As can be seen from the above, many observers have noted a possible link between storms, winds and clouds – all possibly related to the aurora. All of these observations are impossible in the light of modern-day auroral theory.
 

Polar Bands

It has been observed that cirrus clouds sometimes align themselves along the magnetic meridian (i.e. pointing to the north magnetic pole.) These clouds form long, sharply defined parallel streaks. A ground observer would see these parallel clouds as fanning out from a point on the northern or southern horizon. However, this is merely an illusion for these clouds form perfectly parallel bands. When they are overhead, these bands are evenly spaced. Sometimes these clouds are faintly luminous at night too.

Von Humboldt called them ‘polar bands’. (Once again several observations are cited.) The above examples illustrate a number of interlinked facts which have no right to be linked – at least according to our science as it stands now. We find certain types of cloud emanating from north and north-west of England and Europe. Most of the data suggests that from the British Isles the point of origin lies somewhere in the vicinity of Greenland – or beyond. As seen from South Africa, the clouds seem to originate more or less from the South Pole.

As seen from the Indian Ocean the suggestion is a line lying towards Alaska, or further on, somewhere in the vicinity of Greenland. From an American point of view one can conclude that these clouds do not seem to coincide with the magnetic meridian. So one has a phenomenon which coincides with the magnetic meridian most, but not all of the time. Also, there is no reasonable scientific explanation for:

(a) The alignment

(b) The parallel spacing

(c) The movement to or from the magnetic/geomagnetic poles

(d) The manner in which the clouds start and stop abruptly

Weather From Inside the Earth?

What happens when a scientist discovers a link so strange, so impossible that no one knows what to do with it? That happened to a climatologist by the name of Goesta Wollin. He discovered that freak storms in North America could be predicted with startling accuracy simply by watching the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetism. The problem with Wollin’s discovery is that it is frankly impossible according to our current understanding of science. When I tried to contact Wollin, I was told that he had passed away in 1995. I did manage to find a Prof. William Ryan of Lamont-Doherty who had worked with him and who knew him well. He told me this about Wollin:

“He co-authored many papers with Maurice Ewing, the founder and first director of Lamont-Doherty, so his reputation was highly respected.”

Wollin’s first amazingly successful freak weather prediction had taken place in January 1986. He had asked Al Travis of the Fredericksburg Magnetic Observatory to report any sudden changes in the magnetic field to him. On 22 January 1986 Travis phone him and told him that the instruments had shown a sudden jump in the horizontal component of the Earth’s geomagnetic field. Wollin then told him that this meant a major snowstorm or flood would occur in 6 days. Wollin then phoned TV stations the region telling them what he expected to happen. The weathermen countered by saying that there was nothing unusual forecast.

Their satellite picture and weather charts showed no indication of any impending storm. They turned down Wollin’s requests to mention his prediction along with theirs. A freak storm struck between 25 – 28 January. 100 mm of rain fell in the coastal region between Boston and Washington, D.C., while 40 inches of show fell inland. Goesta Wollin’s prediction had come true. The storm caused considerable damage to property and several people were killed.

Wollin’s research began back in the early 1970s when he searched for a link between the Earth’s magnetism and temperature. He and David Ericson began to study climatic changes which have occurred since the last ice age 11,000 years ago. (Details of research then given.) Within a few months the three of them (includes William Ryan, a research student) could demonstrate that there was a strong long-term link between the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field and the Earth’s temperature. It was then that Wollin decided to try searching for short-term changes in the magnetic field. Could short-term changes also affect climate? He discovered that on 7 February 1967 and unpredicted blizzard had dropped 35 cm of snow on New York City. The magnetic record showed that after a long period of calm there had been an abrupt change of 40 gamma in the magnetic field strength two and a half days prior to the blizzard.

He studied the record for February 1983. On 4 February 1983 the magnetic recorder had oscillated wildly. Then there was a dip when another freak storm broke. A similar event occurred in 1985. The sad events of October – November 1985 convinced Wollin that he really was onto something. A sudden storm had resulted in a flood which caused the deaths of 39 people. Wollin found that the magnetic trace for the 2-1/2 days leading up to this storm matched exactly that of the storm in 1967. This could not be a coincidence. Wollin wanted to try to make an accurate prediction based on his theory. It was then that he elicited the help of Al Travis. As I mentioned earlier, this led to the successful prediction of a freak storm 3 days later.

Although Wollin’s ability to predict freak storms in North America appears to border on the fantastic, we must not lose sight of a key element here. Wollin’s study of Alaskan data showed that there was a constant relationship between magnetism and air pressure. There is a problem in using his techniques on a global scale. It would mean that global magnetic field changes would cause freak storms everywhere simultaneously.

If this were the case, then surely scientists would have noticed it by now. I would guess that Wollin’s discovery is only valid for North America. Why? I find myself coming back to the possibility of a coupling between the activity of a central Sun and that of the Sun. Could it be that activity on the Sun communicates itself to a central Sun by way of the magnetic field? Could such a central Sun then flare up in sympathy by producing more heat as well as a sudden shock-wave? This shock-wave would then transmit itself from the centre of the Earth to a region nearby on the outer surface.

This would explain the time delay which Wollin observed. That time was relatively fixed, thereby suggesting that a fixed distance is involved in the transmission of this shock wave. The key as Wollin observed was not the intensity of activity but its rate of change. This might indicate that freak weather storms are caused only by a sudden shock wave. A more gentle change in intensity would not produce an atmospheric shock wave. This would be consistent with the Alaskan weather data. It would mean that shock waves originating from the core of the Earth are capable of affecting Alaskan weather.

Since it seems to affect Alaska, but not Europe or Britain, could we infer then that a Polar Hole in the Earth’s crust lies near Alaska? Could it be that the water vapor in the air which caused the storms on the east coast actually originated inside an Inner Earth? It is worth noting that on 22 January 1986 there was absolutely no evidence whatsoever on the weather charts of an impending storm. Could that be because the factors which were about to cause the storm actually lay beneath the surface of the Earth at that time?
 

The Swelling Atmosphere

With regard to Mercury we have discussed the possibility that an atmosphere inside a planet may flow out and back in again. With regard to Venus we have seen the various evidence for the rising and falling of the atmosphere across the planet. This ‘breathing’ action seems to indicate that Venus is hollow. Is there any indication that the Earth’s atmosphere rises and falls by considerable amounts? Scientists attribute the demise of the 77 ton Skylab space station to ‘unexpected solar activity’ in the mid-1970s. A series of powerful solar flares erupted on the Sun which then caused the Earth’s atmosphere to swell and Skylab’s orbit began to decay much more rapidly. What would cause the atmosphere to ‘swell’ by many miles? The connection between the Sun’s activity and a considerable rise in the upper atmosphere was totally unexpected – otherwise NASA would have done something sooner. Solar flares are common.

The link between solar flares and the rising atmosphere seems to have been badly known at the time – or the extent of it seemed unappreciated. Of course a rising and falling atmosphere is very strange on a solid world. How can the atmosphere suddenly rise? Will an influx of charged particles which heat the upper layers of the atmosphere really be enough to cause this tremendous swelling? In considering the circumstantial connection between solar flares and the magnetic field I have wondered whether a central Sun’s activities could result in an outpouring of energy in sympathy with the Sun. Perhaps such outpourings cause a high pressure zone inside the planet which then causes air to pour out of the Polar Holes and for the outer atmosphere to then swell. Perhaps such events also cause the high pressure over Alaska and North America.
 

Chaos Theory

Why is the Earth’s weather so unpredictable? Is it because of billions of butterfly effects only? Or is there something more fundamental at fault? ‘Ensemble forecasting’ tells us an important fact. It demonstrates to us that on a global scale the entire atmosphere suddenly behaves in a manner which does not match up with the mathematical calculations of super-computers. It is nonsensical that highly complex and accurate mathematical calculations can work one day but not the next. Something must have changed. But what?

What if these alternating periods of global atmospheric stability and instability were related to air moving into and out of the Earth? Computer models (obviously) are not designed with a Hollow Planet in mind. What if these models are accurate only for the times when there is little or no air movement into and out of the Earth? What if it is on the occasions when air is sucked in or blown out that the finely balanced weather models are suddenly upset and it becomes impossible to calculate the weather patterns for two or three days hence? There can be absolutely no doubt that a large tunnel leading into the Earth would mess up computerized weather models.

For suddenly many cubic miles of air might be sucked into the Earth changing atmospheric pressures and wind. Similarly, many cubic miles of air might be forced out at other times. The scientists also found that at times their models were incredibly accurate. On occasion they could predict the weather almost for a month in advance. If butterfly wings had the affect attributed to them, then this would have been impossible. Perhaps the atmosphere really is far more stable and predictable than scientists have realized. Perhaps, when one knows all the facts, weather prediction can leap forward in many areas.