NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated, all information about the scientists and the details of their discoveries was culled from multiple telephone interviews conducted between 1998–2001.
 

acknowledgments
1 D. Reilly, ‘Is evidence for homeopathy reproducible?’ The Lancet, 1994; 344: 1601–6.
 


prologue: the coming revolution
1 M. Capek, The Philosophical Impact of Contemporary Physics (Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand, 1961): 319, as quoted in F. Capra, The Tao of Physics (London: Flamingo, 1992).

2 D. Zohar, The Quantum Self (London: Flamingo, 1991): 2; Danah Zohar provides an excellent summary of the philosophical history of science before and after Newton and Descartes.

3 I am indebted to Brenda Dunne, manager of the PEAR laboratory in Princeton, for first enlightening me about the philosophical interests of the quantum theorists. See also W. Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2000),

N. Bohr, Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958), and R. Jahn and B. Dunne, Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (New York: Harvest/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987): 58–9.

4 Interview with Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000.

5 Indeed, in determining which of the scientists merited inclusion, I have had to make certain arbitrary selections. I chose American anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff and his work on human consciousness, when I could as easily have chosen Oxford professor Roger Penrose. Only for reasons of space have I omitted pioneers into electromagnetic cell communications like Cyril Smith.
 


chapter one: light in the darkness
1 For an account of Dr Mitchell’s voyage, I have relied on E. Mitchell, The Way of the Explorer: An Apollo Astronaut’s Journey Through the Material and Mystical Worlds

(G.P. Putnam, 1996): 47-56; M. Light, Full Moon (London: Jonathan Cape, 1999); a visit to an exhibition of lunar photographs (London: Tate Gallery, November 1999); personal interviews with Dr Mitchell (summer and autumn 1999); T. Wolfe, The

Right Stuff (London: Jonathan Cape, 1980); and A. Chaikin, A Man on the Moon (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1994): 355-79. 2 Mitchell, Way of the Explorer: 61. Dr Mitchell’s results were published in the Journal of Parapsychology, June 1971. 3 Francis Crick likened the brain to a TV set, as quoted in D. Loye, An Arrow Through Chaos (Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 2000): 91. 4 Nonlocality was considered to be proven by experiments conducted by Alain Aspect and his colleagues in Paris in 1982. 5 M. Schiff, The Memory of Water: Homeopathy and the Battle of Ideas in the New Science (Thorsons, 1995).
 


chapter two: the sea of light
Detail on the U.S. oil crisis was compiled from articles appearing in the London

Times, Nov. 26–Dec. 1, 1973. 1 H. Puthoff, ‘Everything for nothing’, New Scientist, July 28, 1990: 52–5. 2 J. D. Barrow, The Book of Nothing (London, Jonathan Cape, 2000): 216. 3 A simple equation showing energy for harmonic oscillators would be represented as H

= ih- i(ni + 1/2). The 1/2 stood for the zero-point energy. When renormalizing, scientists would just drop the 1/2. Communication with Hal Puthoff, December 7, 2000. 4 The Zero Point Field is included in stochastic electrodynamics. But in ordinary classical physics, it is usually ‘renormalized’ away. 5 T. Boyer, ‘Deviation of the black-body radiation spectrum without quantum

physics’, Physical Review, 1969; 182: 1374–83. 6 Interviews with Richard Obousy, January 2001. 7 R. Sheldrake, Seven Experiments That Could Change the World (London: Fourth

Estate, 1994): 75–6. 8 R. O. Becker and G. Selden, The Body Electric (Quill, 1985): 81. 9 A. Michelson and E. Morley, American Journal of Science, 1887, series 3; 34: 333–45,

cited in Barrow, Book of Nothing: 143–4. 10 Quoted in F. Capra, The Tao of Physics (London: Flamingo, 1976). 11 E. Laszlo, The Interconnected Universe: Conceptual Foundations of Transdisciplinary

Unified Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995). 12 A. C. Clarke, ‘When will the real space age begin?’, Ad Astra, May/June 1996: 13–5. 13 B. Haisch, ‘Brilliant disguise: light, matter and the Zero Point Field’, Science and

Spirit, 1999; 10: 30–1. Elsewhere, Dr Haisch has made numerous interesting speculations about the connection between Creation and the Zero Point Field and refers to the ZPF as a ‘sea of light’. For the agnostic, the theory is that the random background fluctuations of the vacuum are residual energy left over from the Big Bang. See H. Puthoff, New Scientist, July 28, 1990: 52. Particle physicists theorize that the universe was created as a false vacuum, with more energy than it ought to have had. When that energy decayed, it produced an ordinary quantum vacuum, which led to the Big Bang and produced all the energy for mass in the universe. See H. E. Puthoff, ‘The energetic vacuum: implications for energy research’, Speculations in Science and Technology, 1990; 13: 247–57.

14 H. Puthoff, ‘Ground state of hydrogen as a zero-point-fluctuation-determined state,’

Physical Review D; 1987, 35: 3266–70. 15 Interview with Bernhard Haisch, California, October 29, 1999. 16 J. Gribbin, Q is for Quantum: Particle Physics from A to Z (Phoenix, 1999): 66;

H. Puthoff, ‘Everything for nothing’: 52. 17 Puthoff, ‘Ground state of hydrogen’. Also, conversations with Hal Puthoff, July 20, and August 4, 2000, and Benhard Haisch, October 26, 1999. 18 H. E. Puthoff ‘Source of vacuum electromagnetic zero-point energy’, Physical Review A, 1989: 40: 4857–62; also reply to comment, 1991; 44: 3385–6. 19 H. Puthoff, ‘Where does the zero-point energy come from?’, New Scientist, December 2, 1989: 36. 20 H. Puthoff, ‘The energetic vacuum: implications for energy research, Speculations

in Science and Technology, 1990; 13: 247-57.

21 Ibid.

22 In the Zero Point Field, Puthoff also found an explanation for the cosmological coincidence first discovered by British physicist Paul Dirac. This showed that the average density of matter - the average pull between an electron and a proton - has a close relationship to the size of the universe - measured by the ratio of the size of the universe to the size of an electron. Puthoff found that this was just related to the density of Zero Point Field energy. See New Scientist, December 2, 1989.

23 Various conversations with Hal Puthoff, 2000 and 2001; also H. Puthoff, ‘On the relationship of quantum energy research to the role of metaphysical processes in the physical world’, www.meta-list.org.

24 Puthoff, ‘Everything for nothing’.

25 S. Adler (in a selection of short articles dedicated to the work of Andrei Sakharov), ‘A key to understanding gravity’, New Scientist, April 30, 1981: 277–8.

26 B. Haisch, A. Rueda and H. E. Puthoff, ‘Beyond E=mc2: A first glimpse of a universe without mass’, The Sciences, November/December 1994: 26–31.

27 Puthoff, ‘Everything for nothing’.

28 H. E. Puthoff, ‘Gravity as a zero-point-fluctuation force,’ Physical Review A, 1989; 39(5): 2333–42; also ‘Comment’, Physical Review A, 1993; 47(4): 3454–5.

29 Ibid.

30 Interview with Hal Puthoff, April 8, 2000.

31 Energy Conversion using High Charge Density, US Patent no. 5,018,180.

32 Interview with Bernhard Haisch, California, October 26, 1999.

33 Robert Matthews, ‘Inertia: does empty space put up the resistance?’ Science, 1994; 263: 613. This property of the vacuum was also tested by Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.

34 B. Haisch, A. Rueda and H. E. Puthoff, ‘Inertia as a zero-point-field Lorentz force’, Physical Review A, 1994; 49(2): 678–94.

35 B. Haisch, A. Rueda and H. E. Puthoff, paper presented at AIAA 98-3143, Advances ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, July 13–15, 1998, Cleveland, Ohio; also B. Haisch, ‘Brilliant Disguise.’

36 Haisch et al., ‘Beyond E=mc2’.

37 A. C. Clarke, 3001: The Final Odyssey (HarperCollins, 1997): 258.

38 Ibid.

39 Ibid.: 258–9.

40 Clarke, ‘When will the real space age begin?’: 15.

41 A. Rueda, B. Haisch and D. C. Cole, ‘Vacuum zero-point field pressure instability

in astrophysical plasmas and the formation of cosmic voids’, Astrophysical Journal, 1995; 445: 7–16.

42 R. Matthews, ‘Inertia’.

43 D. C. Cole and H. E. Puthoff, ‘Extracting energy and heat from the vacuum’, Physical Review E, 1993; 48(2): 1562–5.

44 Interview with Bernhard Haisch, California, October 29, 1999.

45 Interviews with Hal Puthoff, July and August 2000; also H. Puthoff, ‘On the relationship of quantum energy’. I have deliberately used a few of Puthoff ’s phrases from his unpublished article to indicate his thinking at the time.

46 Clarke, ‘When will the real space age begin?’.
 


chapter three: beings of light
1 F. A. Popp, ‘MO-Rechnungen an 3,4-Benzpyren und 1,2-Benzpyren legen ein Mod-
ell zur Deutung der chemischen Karzinogenese nahe’, Zeitschrift für Natur
forschung, 1972; 27b: 731; F. A. Popp, ‘Einige Möglichkeiten für Biosignale zur
Steuerung des Zellwachstums’, Archiv für Geschwulstforschung, 1974; 44: 295–306.
2 B. Ruth and F. A. Popp, ‘Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur ultraschwachen Pho
tonememission biologisher Systeme’, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 1976; 31c: 741–5.
3 M. Rattemeyer, F. A. Popp and W. Nagl, Naturwissenschaften, 1981; 11: 572–3.
4 R. Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989): 22.
5 Ibid.: preface, 2; see also R. Sheldrake, The Presence of the Past (London: Collins,
1988): 83–5.
6 Dawkins, Selfish Gene: 23.
7 Ibid.: 23; ‘This, at the present time in molecular biology, is the learned soundscreen
of language behind which is hidden the ignorance, for want of a better explanation.’
8 Telephone interview with Fritz-Albert Popp, January 29, 2001.
9 R. Sheldrake, A New Science of Life (London: Paladin, 1987): 23–5.
10 R. Sheldrake, A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation (Lon
don: Blond and Briggs, 1981); Sheldrake, Presence of the Past.
11 Sheldrake has expressed the view that nonlocality in quantum physics might ulti
mately explain some of his theories. See Sheldrake website: www.sheldrake.org.
12 See H. Reiter und D. Gabor, Zellteilung und Strahlung. Sonderheft der Wissenschaft
lichen Veroffentlichungen aus dem Siemens-Konzern (Berlin: Springer, 1928).
13 R. Gerber, Vibrational Medicine (Santa Fe: Bear and Company, 1988): 62.
14 H. Burr, The Fields of Life (New York: Ballantine, 1972).
15 R. O. Becker and G. Selden, The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Founda
tion of Life (Quill, 1985): 83.
16 Experiments by Lund, Marsh and Beams are recounted in Becker and Selden, The
Body Electric: 82–5.
17 Becker and Selden, Body Electric: 73–4.
18 H. Fröhlich, ‘Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems’, Inter
national Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 1968; 2: 641–9.
19 H. Fröhlich, ‘Evidence for Bose condensation-like excitation of coherent modes in
biological systems’, Physics Letters, 1975, 51A: 21; see also D. Zohar, The Quantum
Self (London: Flamingo, 1991): 65.
20 R. Nobili, ‘Schrödinger wave holography in brain cortex’, Physical Review A, 1985; 32:
3618–26; R. Nobili, ‘Ionic waves in animal tissues’, Physical Review A, 1987; 35: 1901–22.
21 Becker and Selden, The Body Electric: 92–3; also R. Gerber, Vibrational Medicine:
98; M. Schiff, The Memory of Water: 12. More recently, another Italian, Ezio In

sinna, proposed that centrioles, the little cartwheel structures holding cell structure in place, are virtually ‘immortal’ oscillators, or wave generators. In an embryo, these waves will be set in motion by the father’s genes when they first unite with the mother’s genes, and thereafter continue pulsing through the life of the organism. At the first stage of an embryo’s development, they might begin at a certain frequency to affect cell shape and metabolism, and then change the frequency as the organism matures. Correspondence with E. Insinna, November 5, 1998. See E. Insinna, ‘Synchronicity and coherent excitations in microtubules’, Nanobiology, 1992; 1: 191–208; ‘ciliated cell electrodynamics: from cilia and flagella to ciliated sensory systems’, in A. Malhotra, ed., Advances in Structural Biology, Stamford, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1999:5. T. Y. Tsong has also written about the electromagnetic language of cells: T. Y. Tsong, ‘Deciphering the language of cells’, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1989; 14: 89–92.

22 F. A. Popp, Qiao Gu and Ke-Hsueh Li, ‘Biophoton emission: experimental background and theoretical approaches’, Modern Physics Letters B, 1994; 8(21/22): 1269– 96; also, F. A. Popp, ‘Biophotonics: a powerful tool for investigating and understanding life’, in H. P. Dürr, F. A. Popp and W. Schommers (eds), What is Life? (Singapore: World Scientific), in press.

23 S. Cohen and F. A. Popp, ‘Biophoton emission of the human body’, Journal of Photo

chemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1997; 40: 187–9. 24 Interviews with Fritz-Albert Popp, Coventry and telephone, March 2001. 25 F. A. Popp and Jiin-Ju Chang, ‘Mechanism of interaction between electromagnetic

fields and living systems’, Science in China (Series C), 2000; 43: 507–18.

26 Biologist Rupert Sheldrake has recently made a study of the special abilities of animals. His own studies have demonstrated that termite colonies will make columns and then bend them toward each other until the ends of the new columns meet in an arch, according to some master plan beyond all usual communication. One of the best experiments testing this ability was carried out by South African naturalist Eugene Marais, who placed a steel plate in a termite mound. Despite the height and width of the plate, the termites would build an arch or tower on each side of the plate so similar that when the steel plate was withdrawn, the two halves matched perfectly. Marais (and later Sheldrake) concluded that the termites operate according to an organizing energy field far more advanced than any sensory communication, particularly since many forms would not be able to penetrate the steel plate. Sheldrake has amassed a database of 2,700 case histories of pets and apparent telepathic behavior, and a number of surveys with pet owners. More than 200 studies concern the telepathic abilities of JayTee, a mixed-breed terrier in the north of England, who will go to the window and wait for his owner, Pamela Smart, in telepathic anticipation of her arrival, even if she sets off for home at unusual times and in strange vehicles. See R. Sheldrake, Seven Experiments That Could Change the World: A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Revolutionary Science (Fourth Estate, 1994): 68–86, and Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home and Other Unexplained Powers of Animals (Hutchinson, 1999).

27 Interview with Fritz-Albert Popp, Coventry, March 21, 2001.

28 J. Hyvarien and M. Karlssohn, ‘Low-resistance skin points that may coincide with acupuncture loci’, Medical Biology, 1977; 55: 88–94, as quoted in the New England Journal of Medicine, 1995; 333(4): 263.

29 B. Pomeranz and G. Stu, Scientific Basis of Acupuncture (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989).

30 A. Colston Wentz, ‘Infertility’ (Book review), New England Journal of Medicine, 1995; 333(4): 263.

31 Becker and Selden, The Body Electric: 235.
 


chapter four: the language of the cell
1 J. Benveniste, B. Arnoux and L. Hadji, ‘Highly dilute antigen increases coronary flow of isolated heart from immunized guinea-pigs’, FASEB Journal, 1992; 6: A1610. Also presented at ‘Experimental Biology - 98 (FASEB)’, San Francisco, 20 April 1998.

2 M. Schiff, The Memory of Water: Homeopathy and the Battle of New Ideas in the New Science (HarperCollins, 1994): 22.

3 Ibid.: 26.

4 E. Davenas et al., ‘Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE’, Nature, 1988; 333(6176): 816–8.

5 J. Maddox, ‘Editorial’, Nature, 1988; 333: 818; see also M. Schiff, The Memory of Water: 86.

6 J. Benveniste’s reply to Nature, 1988; 334: 291. For a full account of the Nature visit, see

J. Maddox, et al., ‘High-dilution experiments a delusion’, Nature, 1988; 334: 287–90; J.

Benveniste’s reply to Nature; also Schiff, Memory of Water, chapter 6, pp. 85–95.

7 Schiff, Memory of Water: 57.

8 Ibid.: 103.

9 J. Benveniste, ‘Understanding digital biology’, unpublished position paper, June 14, 1998; also interviews with J. Benveniste, October 1999.

10 J. Benveniste, et al., ‘Digital recording/transmission of the cholinergic signal,’ FASEB Journal, 1996, 10: A1479; Y. Thomas, et al., ‘Direct transmission to cells of a molecular signal (phorbol myristate acetate, PMA) via an electronic device,’ FASEB Journal, 1995; 9: A227; J. Aïssa et al., ‘Molecular signalling at high dilution or by means of electronic circuitry’, Journal of Immunology, 1993; 150: 146A; J. Aïssa, ‘Electronic transmission of the cholinergic signal’, FASEB Journal, 1995; 9: A683; Y. Thomas, ‘Modulation of human neutrophil activation by “electronic” phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)’, FASEB Journal, 1996; 10: A1479. (For a full listing of papers, see www.digibio.com).

11 J. Benveniste, P. Jurgens et al., ‘Transatlantic transfer of digitized antigen signal by telephone link’, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1997; 99: S175.

12 Schiff, Memory of Water: 14–15.

13 D. Loye, An Arrow Through Chaos: How We See into the Future (Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 1983): 146.

14 J. Benveniste et al., ‘A simple and fast method for in vivo demonstration of electromagnetic molecular signaling (EMS) via high dilution or computer recording’, FASEB Journal, 1999; 13: A163.

15 J. Benveniste et al., ‘The molecular signal is not functioning in the absence of “informed” water’, FASEB Journal, 1999; 13: A163. 16 M. Jibu, S. Hagan, S. Hameroff et al., ‘Quantum optical coherence in cytoskeletal microtubules: implications for brain function’, BioSystems, 1994; 32: 95–209. 17 A. H. Frey, ‘Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems’, FASEB Journal, 1993; 7: 272. 18 M. Bastide et al., ‘Activity and chronopharmacology of very low doses of physiological immune inducers,’ Immunology Today, 1985; 6: 234–5; L. Demangeat et al., Modifications des temps de relaxation RMN à 4MHz des protons du solvant dans les très hautes dilutions salines de silice/lactose’, Journal of Medical Nuclear Biophysics, 1992; 16: 135–45; B. J. Youbicier-Simo et al., ‘Effects of embryonic bursectomy and in ovo administration of highly diluted bursin on an adrenocorticotropic and immune response to chickens’, International Journal of Immunotherapy, 1993; IX: 169–80;

P. C. Endler et al., ‘The effect of highly diluted agitated thyroxine on the climbing activity of frogs’, Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 1994; 36: 56–9.

19 P. C. Endler et al., ‘Transmission of hormone information by non-molecular means’, FASEB Journal, 1994; 8: A400; F. Senekowitsch et al., ‘Hormone effects by CD record/replay’, FASEB Journal, 1995; 9: A392.

20 The Guardian, March 15, 2001; see also J. Sainte-Laudy and P. Belon, ‘Analysis of immunosuppressive activity of serial dilutions of histamines on human basophil activation by flow symmetry’, Inflammation Research, 1996; Suppl 1: S33–4.

21 D. Reilly, ‘Is evidence for homeopathy reproducible?’ The Lancet, 1994; 344: 1601–6.

22 J. Jacobs, ‘Homoeopathic treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea’, British Homoeopathic Journal, 1993; 82: 83–6.

23 E. S. M. deLange deKlerk and J. Bloomer, ‘Effect of homoeopathic medicine on daily burdens of symptoms in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections’, British Medical Journal, 1994; 309: 1329–32.

24 F. J. Master, ‘A study of homoeopathic drugs in essential hypertension’, British Homoeopathic Journal, 1987; 76: 120–1.

25 D. Reilly, ‘Is evidence for homeopathy reproducible?’ The Lancet, 1994; 344: 1601-6.

26 Ibid.: 1585.

27 J. Benveniste, Letter, The Lancet, 1998; 351: 367.

28 Description of these results from a telephone conversation with Jacques Benveniste, November 10, 2000.
 


chapter five: resonating with the world
1 Description of Penrose’s and Lashley’s experiments from Karl Pribram, telephone interview, June 14, 2000;.M.Talbot, The Holographic Universe (New York: Harper-Collins, 1991): 11-13.

2 K. Pribram, ‘Autobiography in anecdote: the founding of experimental neuropsychology’, in Robert Bilder, (ed.), The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography (San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1998): 306–49.

3 Description of Lashley’s laboratory protocol from Karl Pribram, telephone interview, June 14, 2000.

4 K. S. Lashley, Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929).

5 K. S. Lashley, ‘In search of the engram’, in Society for Experimental Biology, Physiological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior (New York: Academic Press, 1950): 501, as quoted in K. Pribram, Languages of the Brain: Experimental Paradoxes and Principles in Neurobiology (New York: Brandon House, 1971): 26.

6 Pribram, ‘Autobiography’.

7 As quoted in K. Pribram, Brain and Perception: Holonomy and Structure in Figural Processing (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991): 9.

8 Talbot, Holographic Universe: 18–19.

9 D. Loye, An Arrow Through Chaos (Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 2000): 16–17.

10 Karl Pribram, telephone interview, June 14, 2000. 11 Various interviews with K. Pribram, June 2000; see also Talbot, Holographic Universe: 19. 12 Full description of his discovery as a result of an interview with Karl Pribram,

London, September 9, 1999. 13 Pribram, ‘Autobiography’. 14 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 27. 15 Pribram, Brain and Perception: Acknowledgments, xx; also, interview with

Pribram, London, September 9, 1999. 16 Karl Pribram, telephone interviews, June 14 and July 7, 2000; also meeting in Liège,

Belgium, August 12, 1999. 17 Loye, Arrow Through Chaos: 150. 18 Talbot, Holographic Universe: 21. 19 Correspondence with K. Pribram, July 5, 2001. 20 Talbot, Holographic Universe: 26. 21 R. DeValois and K. DeValois, Spatial Vision (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988). 22 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 76; also reviews of DeValois and DeValois, ’Spatial

vision’, Annual Review of Psychology, 1980: 309–41. 23 Pribram, Brain and Perception, chapter 9. 24 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 79. 25 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 76–7. 26 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 75. 27 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 137; see also Talbot, Holographic Universe: 27–30. 28 Ibid. 29 Telephone interviews with Karl Pribram, May 2000. 30 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 141. 31 W. J. Schempp, Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Mathematical Foundations and

Applications (London: Wiley-Liss, 1998). 32 R. Penrose, Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness (New York: Vintage, 1994): 367. 33 S. R. Hameroff, Ultimate Computing: Biomolecular Consciousness and Nanotechnology (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1987). 34 Ibid; also E. Laszlo, The Interconnected Universe: Conceptual Foundations of Trans-

disciplinary Unified Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995): 41. 35 Pribram, Brain and Perception: 283. 36 M. Jibu and K. Yasue, ‘A physical picture of Umezawa’s quantum brain dynamics’,

in R. Trappl (ed.) Cybernetics and Systems Research, ’92 (Singapore: World Scientific, 1992); ‘The basics of quantum brain dynamics’, in K. H. Pribram (ed.) Proceedings of the First Appalachian Conference on Behavioral Neurodynamics (Radford: Center for Brain Research and Informational Sciences, Radford University, September 17–20, 1992); ‘Intracellular quantum signal transfer in Umezawa’s quantum brain dynamics’, Cybernetics Systems International, 1993; 1(24): 1–7; ‘Introduction to quantum brain dynamics’, in E. Carvallo (ed.) Nature, Cognition and System III (London: Kluwer Academic, 1993).

37 C. D. Laughlin, ‘Archetypes, neurognosis and the quantum sea’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10: 375–400. 38 E. Insinna, correspondence and enclosures to author, November 5, 1998; also, E. Insinna ‘Ciliated cell electrodynamics: from cilia and flagella to ciliated sensory sys

tems’, in A. Malhotra (ed.), Advances in Structural Biology (Stamford, Conn: JAI Press, 1999): 5.

39 M. Jibu, S. Hagan, S. Hameroff et al., ‘Quantum optical coherence in cytoskeletal microtubules: implications for brain function’, BioSystems, 1994; 32: 95–209.

40 Ibid.

41 D. Zohar, The Quantum Self (London: Flamingo, 1991): 70.

42 Laszlo, The Interconnected Universe: 41.

43 Hameroff, Ultimate computing; Jibu et al., ‘Quantum optical coherence’.

44 E. Del Giudice et al., ‘Electromagnetic field and spontaneous symmetry breaking in biological matter’, Nuclear Physics, 1983; B275(FS17): 185–99.

45 D. Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge, 1983).

46 Pribram has also postulated that humans also possess ‘feedforward’ loops of images and information which enable them to actively seek out specific information or stimuli: - looking for a mate of a certain type is just one example (correspondence with Karl Pribram, July 5, 2001. For full explanation, see also Dave Loye, Arrow Through Chaos: 22–3.

47 Laszlo, Interconnected Universe.

48 M. Jibu and K. Yasue, ‘The basis of quantum brain dynamics’, in K. H. Pribram (ed.), Rethinking Neural Networks: Quantum Fields and Biological Data (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993): 121–45

49 Laszlo, Interconnected Universe: 100–1.

50 Laughlin, ‘Archetypes, neurognosis and the quantum sea’.
 


chapter six: the creative observer
1 For all history concerning Helmut Schmidt, correspondence with Helmut Schmidt, March 13, 1999; also telephone interviews with Schmidt, May 14, 2001, and May 16, 2001. See also R. S. Broughton, Parapsychology: The Controversial Science (New York: Ballantine, 1991).

2 Rhine eventually wrote his results in a book entitled Extra-sensory Perception (Boston: Bruce Humphries, 1964).

3 Telephone interview with Helmut Schmidt, May 16, 2001.

4 Interview with Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000; also

R. G. Jahn and B. G. Dunne, Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1987): 58–62. 5 E. Lazlo, The Interconnected Universe: Conceptual Foundations of Transdisciplinary

Unified Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995): 56.

6 H. Schmidt, ‘Quantum processes predicted?’, New Scientist, October 16, 1969: 114–15.

7 For amplification of this idea, see D. Radin and R. Nelson, ‘Evidence for conscious-ness-related anomalies in random physical systems’, Foundations of Physics, 1989; 19(12): 1499–514; also, D. Zohar, The Quantum Self (London: Flamingo, 1991): 33–4.

8 E. J. Squires, ‘Many views of one world - an interpretation of quantum theory’, European Journal of Physics, 1987; 8: 173.

9 H. Schmidt, ‘Mental influence on random events’, New Scientist, June 24, 1971; 757–8.

10 Broughton, Parapsychology: 177.

11 For the description of Helmut Schmidt’s machine, correspondence with Schmidt,

March 20, 1999; see also, Broughton, Parapsychology: 125–7; and D. Radin, The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (New York: HarperEdge,

1997): 138–40.

12 Schmidt, ‘Quantum processes’.

13 Schmidt, ‘Mental influence’.

14 Ibid.

15 Telephone interview with Helmut Schmidt, May 14, 2001.

16 For the history of the PEAR program, interviews with Brenda Dunne, Princeton, June 23, 1998, and Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000.

17 Dunne and Jahn, Margins of Reality: 96–8.

18 R. G. Jahn et al., ‘Correlations of random binary sequences with prestated operator intention: a review of a 12-year program’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1997; 11: 345–67.

19 Interview with Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000.

20 Jahn, ‘Correlations’: 350.

21 Ibid.

22 Radin and Nelson, ‘Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies’; see also R. D. Nelson and D. I. Radin, ‘When immovable objections meet irresistible evidence’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1987; 10: 600–1; ‘Statistically robust anomalous effects: replication in random event generator experiments’, in L. Henchle and R. E. Berger (eds), RIP 1988(Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1988): 23–6.

23 D. Radin and D. C. Ferrari, ‘Effect of consciousness on the fall of dice: a meta-analysis’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1991; 5: 61–84.

24 Broughton, Parapsychology: 177.

25 Radin, Conscious Universe: 140.

26 Radin and Nelson, ‘Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies’.

27 D. Radin and R. Nelson, ‘Meta-analysis of mind–matter interaction experiments, 1959–2000’, unpublished, www.boundaryinstitute.org.

28 Radin and Nelson, ‘Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies’.

29 R. D. Nelson, ‘Effect size per hour: a natural unit for interpreting anomalous experiments’, PEAR Technical Note 94003, September 1994.

30 W. Braud, ‘Wellness implications of retroactive intentional influence: exploring an outrageous hypothesis’, Alternative Therapies, 2000; 6(1): 37–48.

31 For the explanation and analogy of effect size, see Radin, Conscious Universe: 154–5; also W. Braud, ‘Wellness implications’.

32 René Peoc’h, ‘Psychokinetic action of young chicks on the path of an ‘illuminated source’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1995; 9(2): 223.

33 R. Jahn and B. Dunne, Margins of Reality: 242–59.

34 B. J. Dunne, ‘Co-operator experiments with an REG device’, PEAR Technical Note 91005, December 1991.

35 Interview with Brenda Dunne, Princeton, June 23, 1998.

36 Jahn and Dunne, Margins: 257.

37 Jahn et al., Correlations: 356; also interview with Brenda Dunne, Princeton, June 23, 1998.

38 B. J. Dunne, ‘Gender differences in human/machine anomalies’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1998; 12(1): 3–55.

39 Interview with Brenda Dunne, Princeton, June 23, 1998.

40 Interview with Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000.

41 R. G. Jahn and B. J. Dunne, ‘ArtREG: a random event experiment utilizing picturepreference feedback’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 2000: 14(3): 383–409.

42 Interview with Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000.

43 R. Jahn, ‘A modular model of mind/matter manifestations’, PEAR Technical Note 2001.01, May 2001.

44 Ideas in this paragraph: discussion with Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Amsterdam, October 19, 2000; also R. Jahn, ‘Modular Model’.

45 Jahn and Dunne, ‘Science of the subjective’.
 


chapter seven: sharing dreams
1 Description of the Amazon indians from a study being conducted by The Institute of Noetic Sciences, which appeared in M. Schlitz, ‘On consciousness, causation and evolution’, Alternative Therapies, July 1998; 4(4): 82–90.

2 R. S. Broughton, Parapsychology: The Controversial Science (New York: Ballantine, 1991): 91–2.

3 Interview with William Braud, California, October 25, 1999.

4 Interview with William Braud, California, October 25, 1999.

5 D. Radin, The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (HarperEdge: New York, 1997); also D. J. Bierman (ed.), Proceedings of Presented Papers, 37th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, Amsterdam (Fairhaven, Mass.: Parapsychological Association, 1994): 71.

6 Broughton, Parapsychology: 98.

7 C. Tart, ‘Physiological correlates of psi cognition’, International Journal of Parapsychology, 1963: 5; 375–86; also interview with Charles Tart, California, October 29, 1999.

8 D. Delanoy, now of the University of Edinburgh, has carried out similar studies, e.g.

D. Delanoy and S. Sah, ‘Cognitive and psychological psi responses in remote posi-tive and neutral emotional states’, in Bierman (ed.), Proceedings of Presented Papers.

9 C. Tart, ‘Psychedelic experiences associated with a novel hypnotic procedure: mutual hypnosis’, in C. T. Tart (ed.), Altered States of Consciousness (New York: John Wiley, 1969): 291–308.

10 W. Braud and M. J. Schlitz, ‘Consciousness interactions with remote biological systems: anomalous intentionality effects’, Subtle Energies, 1991; 2(1): 1–46.

11 M. Schlitz and S. LaBerge, ‘Autonomic detection of remote observation: two conceptual replications’, in Bierman (ed.), Proceedings of Presented Papers: 465–78.

12 W. Braud et al., ‘Further studies of autonomic detection of remote staring: replication, new control procedures and personality correlates’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1993; 57: 391–409. These studies were replicated by Schlitz and LaBerge, ‘Autonomic detection’.

13 W. Braud and M. Schlitz, ‘Psychokinetic influence on electrodermal activity’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1983; 47(2): 95–119.

14 W. Braud et al., ‘Attention focusing facilitated through remote mental interaction’, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1995; 89(2): 103–15.

15 M. Schlitz and W. Braud, ‘Distant intentionality and healing: assessing the evidence’, Alternative Therapies, 1997: 3(6): 62–73.

16 W. Braud and M. Schlitz, Psychokinetic influence on electrodermal activity’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1983; 47: 95–119. Braud’s studies were also independently replicated at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Nevada. D. Delanoy, ‘Cognitive and physiological psi responses to remote positive and neutral emotional states’, in Bierman (ed.), Proceedings of Presented Papers: 1298–38; also R. Wezelman et al., ‘An experimental test of magic: healing rituals’, in E. C. May (ed.), Proceedings of Presented Papers, 39th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, San Diego, Calif. (Fairhaven, Mass.: Parapsychological Association, 1996): 1–12.

17 W. Braud and M. Schlitz, ‘A methodology for the objective study of transpersonal imagery’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1989; 3(1): 43–63.

18 W. G. Braud, ‘Psi-conducive states’, Journal of Communication, 1975; 25(1): 142–52.

19 Broughton, Parapsychology: 103.

20 Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Physiological and Biochemical Basis of Brain Activity, St Petersburg, Russia, June 22–4, 1992; see also Second Russian–Swedish Symposium on New Research in Neurobiology, Moscow, Russia, May 19–21, 1992.

21 R. Rosenthal, ‘Combining results of independent studies’, Psychological Bulletin, 1978; 85: 185–93.

22 Radin, Conscious Universe: 79.

23 W. G. Braud, ‘Honoring our natural experiences’, The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1994; 88(3): 293–308.

24 Years later, this very idea became the subject of a book. L. Dossey’s Be Careful What you Pray For... You Just Might Get It (HarperSanFrancisco, 1997) provides exhaustive examples of the power of negative thoughts to harm and also how to protect yourself from them.

25 W. G. Braud, ‘Blocking/shielding psychic functioning through psychological and psychic techniques: a report of three preliminary studies’, in R. White and I. Solfvin (eds), Research in Parapsychology, 1984 (Metuchen, NY: Scarecrow Press, 1985): 42–4.

26 W. G. Braud, ‘Implications and applications of laboratory psi findings’, European Journal of Parapsychology, 1990–91; 8: 57–65.

27 W. Braud et al., ‘Further studies of the bio-PK effect: feedback, blocking, generality/ specificity’, in White and Solfvin (eds), Research in Parapsychology: 45–8.

28 D. Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge, 1980).

29 E. Laszlo, The Interconnected Universe: Conceptual Foundations of Transdisciplinary Unified Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995): 101.

30 J. Grinberg-Zylberbaum and J. Ramos, ‘Patterns of interhemisphere correlations during human communication’, International Journal of Neuroscience, 1987; 36: 41– 53; J. Grinberg-Zylberbaum et al., ‘Human communication and the electrophysiological activity of the brain’, Subtle Energies, 1992; 3(3): 25–43.

31 These have been explored in detail by Ian Stevenson; see I. Stevenson, Children Who Remember Previous Lives (Charlottesville, Va: University Press of Virginia, 1987).

32 Laszlo, Interconnected Universe: 102–3.

33 Braud, Honoring Our Natural Experiences.

34 Indeed, Marilyn Schlitz and Charles Honorton carried out an experiment showing that artistically gifted individuals were better at ESP than the ordinary population. See M. J. Schlitz and C. Honorton, ‘Ganzfeld psi performance within an artistically gifted population’, The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1992; 86(2): 83–98.

35 L. F. Berkman and S. L. Syme, ‘Social networks, host resistance and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents,’ American Journal of Epidemiology, 1979; 109(2): 186–204.

36 L. Galland, The Four Pillars of Healing (New York: Random House, 1997): 103–5.
 


chapter eight: the extended eye
1 C. Backster, ‘Evidence of a primary perception in plant life’, International Journal of Parapsychology, 1967; X: 141. Hal’s paper ‘Toward a quantum theory of life process’, written in 1972, was never published. ‘With 30 years’ hindsight, and the lack of unambiguous verification of either the Backster effect or tachyons - the two lynchpins of this proposal - it seems somewhat naïve. But it got me started,’ wrote Puthoff to the author on March 15, 2000. He also notes: ‘By the way, I never did get to do the proposed experiment.’

2 H. Puthoff, ‘Toward a quantum theory of life process’.

3 G. R. Schmeidler, ‘PK effects upon continuously recorded temperatures’, Journal of the American Society of Psychical Research, 1997; 67(4), cited in H. Puthoff and

R. Targ, ‘A perceptual channel for information transfer over kilometer distances: historical perspective and recent research’, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1976; 64(3): 329–54.

4 S. Ostrander and L. Schroeder, Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain (now abridged in Psychic Discoveries, New York: Marlowe & Company, 1997), published in 1971, caused a flood of concern about so-called ‘psychic warfare’.

5 J. Schnabel, Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America’s Psychic Spies (New York: Dell, 1997): 94–5.

6 Hank Turner is a pseudonym of a CIA employee referred to as ‘Bill O’Donnell’ in Schnabel’s book.

7 For entire description of the West Virginia military installation facility and Pat Price, see Schnabel, Remote Viewers: 104–13.

8 H. Puthoff and R. Targ, ‘Final report, covering the period January 1974–February 1975 Part II–Research Report, December 1, 1975, Perceptual Augmentation Techniques, SRI Project 3183; also H. E. Puthoff, ‘CIA-initiated remote viewing program at Stanford Research Institute, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10(1): 63–75.

9 R. Targ, Miracles of Mind: Exploring Nonlocal Consciousness and Spiritual Healing (Novato, Calif: New World Library, 1999): 46–7; D. Radin, The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (New York: HarperEdge, 1997): 25–6.

10 C. A. Robinson, Jr, ‘Soviets push for beam weapon’, Aviation Week, May 2, 1977.

11 Interview with Edwin May, California, October 25, 1999.

12 H. Puthoff, ‘CIA-initiated remote viewing program at Stanford Research Institute’.

13 Interview with Hal Puthoff, January 20, 2000; also Schnabel, Remote Viewers.

14 H. Puthoff, ‘Experimental psi research: implication for physics’, in R. Jahn (ed.), The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World, AAA Selected Symposia Series (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981): 41.

15 R. Targ and H. Puthoff, Mind-Reach: Scientists Look at Psychic Ability (New York: Delacorte Press, 1977): 50.

16 Schnabel, Remote Viewers: 142.

17 Puthoff and Targ, ‘Perceptual channel’: 342.

18 Ibid.: 338.

19 Ibid.: 330–1.

20 Ibid.: 336.

21 B. Dunne and J. Bisaha, ‘Precognitive remove viewing in the Chicago area: a replication of the Stanford experiment’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1979; 43:17–30. 22 Radin, Conscious Universe: 105.

23 L. M. Kogan, ‘Is telepathy possible?’ Radio Engineering, 1966; 21 (Jan): 75, quoted in Puthoff and Targ, ‘Perceptual channel’: 329–53.

24 H. Puthoff and R. Targ, ‘Final report, covering the period January 1974–February 1975 Part II–Research Report, December 1, 1975, Perceptual Augmentation Techniques, SRI Project 3183: 58.

25 Telephone interview with Hal Puthoff, January 20, 2000; see also Targ and Puthoff, Mind-Reach.

26 Schnabel, Remote Viewers: 74–5.

27 Interview with Edwin May and Dean Radin, California, October 25, 1999.

28 Various telephone interviews with Hal Puthoff, August 2000.

29 J. Utts, ‘An assessment of the evidence for psychic functioning’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10: 3–30.
 


chapter nine: the endless here and now
1 R. Targ and J. Katra, Miracles of Mind: Exploring Nonlocal Consciousness and Spiritual Healing (Novato, Calif: New World Library, 1999): 42–4.

2 B. J. Dunne and R. G. Jahn, ‘Experiments in remote human/machine interaction’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1992; 6(4): 311–32.

3 In all the SRI experiments, they never found a limit to the distance over which the channel worked. Many years later, in an ironical reversal of the SRI studies, Russell Targ would have a Russian psychic in Moscow do a remote viewing of an unknown target site in San Francisco. Djuna Davitashvili, a noted Russian psychic healer, who had never done remote-viewing experiments before, was asked to describe where a colleague of theirs was at the time in a location in San Francisco even unknown to Targ. After being shown his photo, she correctly described a plaza with a merry-go-round (eventually Targ was told that the colleague was standing in front of one at a plaza on San Francisco’s Pier 39). The picture she drew of both the plaza and of the carousel’s horses bore a remarkable similarity to the actual site. For a full account, see R. Targ and J. Katra, Miracles of Mind: 29–36.

4 For the Chicago, Arizona and Moscow remote-viewing experiment, R. G. Jahn and

B. J. Dunne, Margins of Reality (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987): 162– 7. 5 For the NASA and irrigation-ditch examples, Jahn and Dunne, Margins: 188. 6 D. Radin, The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (New

York: HarperEdge, 1997): 113–4; R. Broughton, Parapsychology: The Controversial Science (New York: Ballantine, 1991): 292.

7 For an excellent summary of this and other precognitive studies, see Radin, The Conscious Universe: 111–25.

8 R. S. Broughton, Parapsychology: 95–7.

9 Ibid.: 98. Maimonides wasn’t the first to scientifically document dreams. In the early part of this century, J. W. Dunne conducted experiments with subjects and their dreams, scientifically demonstrating that what people dreamed largely came true. J. W. Dunne, An Experiment in Time (London: Faber, 1926).

10 As it happened, Radin’s expectation that he’d reached a safe haven to carry out his research was premature. As soon as he published a book on psychic research and began to attract some media attention, the University refused to renew his contract. He was left to find work in privately funded research projects. At the time of writing, he is working at the Institute of Noetic Sciences.

11 For a full description of the Radin experiment, see Radin, Conscious Universe: 119–24.

12 D. J. Bierman and D. I. Radin, ‘Anomalous anticipatory response on randomized future conditions’, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1997; 84: 689–90.

13 D. J. Bierman, ‘Anomalous aspects of intuition’, paper presented at the Fourth Biennial European meeting of the Society for Scientific Exploration, Valencia, October 9-11, 1998; also interview with Professor Bierman, Valencia, October 9, 1998.

14 D. I. Radin and E. C. May, ‘Testing the intuitive data sorting model with pseudorandom number generators: a proposed method’, in D. H. Weiner and R. G. Nelson (eds), Research in Parapsychology 1986 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1987): 109–11. For a description of the test, see Broughton, Parapsychology: 137–9.

15 Broughton, Parapsychology: 175–6; also telephone interviews with Helmut Schmidt, May 2001.

16 H. Schmidt, ‘Additional affect for PK on pre-recorded targets’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1985; 49: 229–44; ‘PK tests with and without preobservation by animals’, in

L. S. Henkel and J. Palmer (eds), Research in Parapsychology 1989 (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1990): 15–9, in W. Braud, ‘Wellness implications of retroactive intentional influence: exploring an outrageous hypothesis’, Alternative Therapies, 2000, 6(1): 37–48.

17 R. G. Jahn et al., ‘Correlations of random binary sequences with pre-stated operator intention: a review of a 12-year program’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1997; 11(3): 345–67.

18 Braud, ‘Wellness implications’.

19 J. Gribbin, Q Is for Quantum: Particle Physics from A to Z (Phoenix, 1999): 531–4.

20 Radin, various telephone interviews in 2001.

21 E. Laszlo, The Interconnected Universe, Conceptual Foundations of Transdisciplinary

Unified Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 1995): 31. 22 D. Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge, 1980): 211. 23 Ibid. 24 Braud, ‘Wellness implications’.
 


chapter ten: the healing field
1 Interview with Elisabeth Targ, California, October 28, 1999.

2 Ibid.

3 Both experiments, B. Grad, ‘Some biological effects of “laying-on of hands”: a review of experiments with animals and plants’, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1965; 59: 95–127.

4 L. Dossey, Be Careful What You Pray For... You Just Might Get It (HarperSan-Francisco, 1997): 179.

5 B. Grad, ‘Dimensions in “Some biological effects of the laying on of hands” and their implications,’ in H. A. Otto and J. W. Knight (eds), Dimensions in Wholistic Healing: New Frontiers in the Treatment of the Whole Person (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979): 199–212.

6 B. Grad, R. J. Cadoret and G. K. Paul, ‘The influence of an unorthodox method of treatment on wound healing in mice’, International Journal of Parapsychology, 1963;

3: 5–24.

7 B. Grad, ‘Healing by the laying on of hands: review of experiments and implications’, Pastoral Psychology, 1970; 21: 19–26.

8 F. W. J. Snel and P. R. Hol, ‘Psychokinesis experiments in casein induced amyloidosis of the hamster’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1983; 5(1): 51–76; Grad, ‘Some biological effects of laying on of hands’; F. W. J. Snel and P. C. Van der Sijde, ‘The effect of paranormal healing on tumor growth’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1995; 9(2): 209–21. See also E. Targ, ‘Evaluating distant healing: a research review, Alternative therapies, 1997; 3:748.

9 J. Barry, ‘General and comparative study of the psychokinetic effect on a fungus culture’, Journal of Parapsychology, 1968; 32: 237–43; E. Haraldsson and T. Thorsteinsson, ‘Psychokinetic effects on yeast: an exploratory experiment’, in W. G. Roll, R. L. Morris and J. D. Morris (eds), Research in Parapsychology (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1972): 20–1; F. W. J. Snel, ‘Influence on malignant cell growth research’, Letters of the University of Utrecht, 1980; 10: 19–27.

10 C. B. Nash, ‘Psychokinetic control of bacterial growth’, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1982; 51: 217–21.

11 G. F. Solfvin, ‘Psi expectancy effects in psychic healing studies with malarial mice’, European Journal of Parapsychology, 1982; 4(2): 160–97.

12 R. Stanford, ‘“Associative activation of the unconscious” and “visualization” as methods for influencing the PK target’, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1969; 63: 338–51.

13 R. N. Miller, ‘Study on the effectiveness of remote mental healing’, Medical Hypotheses, 1982; 8: 481–90.

14 R. C. Byrd, ‘Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population’, Southern Medical Journal, 1988; 81(7): 826–9.

15 B. Greyson, ‘Distance healing of patients with major depression’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10(4): 447–65.

16 F. Sicher and E. Targ et al., ‘A randomized double-blind study of the effect of distant healing in a population with advanced AIDS: report of a small scale study’, Western Journal of Medicine, 1998; 168(6): 356–63.

17 W. Harris et al., ‘A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of remote, intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit’, Archives of Internal Medicine, 1999; 159 (19): 2273–8.

18 Interviews with E. Targ in California and on the telephone, October 28, 1999, and March 6, 2001.

19 Harris et al., ‘A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of remote, intercessory prayer’.

20 J. Barrett, ‘Going the distance’, Intuition, 1999; June/July: 30–1.

21 E. E. Green, ‘Copper Wall research psychology and psychophysics: subtle energies and energy medicine: emerging theory and practice’, Proceedings, First Annual Conference, International Society for the Study of Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine (ISSSEEM), Boulder, Colorado, June 21–25, 1991.

22 Summaries of studies of Qigong healing energy and information about the Qigong Database, a computerized resource center of published research on Qigong healing, in L. Dossey, Be Careful What You Pray For: 175–7.

23 R. D. Nelson, ‘The physical basis of intentional healing systems’, PEAR Technical Note, 99001, January 1999.

24 G. A. Kaplan, et al., ‘Social connections and morality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease: perspective evidence from Eastern Finland’, American

Journal of Epidemiology, 1988; 128: 370–80.

25 D. Reed, et al., ‘Social networks and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii’, American Journal of Epidemiology, 1983; 117: 384–96; M. A. Pascucci and

G. L. Loving, ‘Ingredients of an old and healthy life: centenarian perspective’,Journal of Holistic Nursing, 1997; 15: 199–213.

26 G. Schwarz, et al., ‘Accuracy and replicability of anomalous after-death communication across highly skilled mediums’, Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 2001; 65: 1–25.
 


chapter eleven: telegram from gaia
1 For all material about the O.J. Simpson trial: London Sunday Times archives. Trial transcripts for the verdict day: the Associated Press’s statistics of the O.J. Simpson trial.

2 Interview with Brenda Dunne at Princeton, June 28, 1998.

3 R. D. Nelson et al., ‘FieldREG anomalies in group situations’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10(1): 111–41.

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid.

6 Ibid; also correspondence with R. Nelson, July 26, 2001.

7 R. D. Nelson and E. L. Mayer, ‘A FieldREG application at the San Francisco Bay Revels, 1996’, as reported in D. Radin, The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (New York: HarperEdge, 1997): 171.

8 Nelson, ‘FieldREG anomalies’: 136.

9 R. D. Nelson et al., ‘FieldREGII: consciousness field effects: replications and explorations’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1998; 12(3): 425–54.

10 For the entire study in Egypt: R. Nelson, ‘FieldREG measurements in Egypt: resonant consciousness at sacred sites’, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research, School of Engineering/ Applied Science, PEAR Technical Note 97002, July 1997; telephone interview with Roger Nelson, February 2, 2001; also Nelson et al., ‘Field-REGII’.

11 For all descriptions of Dean Radin’s experiments in this chapter, I am indebted to his excellent account of his own work in The Conscious Universe: 157–74. See also

D. I. Radin, J. M. Rebman and M. P. Cross, ‘Anomalous organization of random events by group consciousness: two exploratory experiments’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10: 143–68.

12 D. Vaitl, ‘Anomalous effects during Richard Wagner’s operas’, paper presented at the Fourth Biennial European Meeting of the Society for Scientific Exploration, Valencia, Spain, October 9–11, 1998.

13 Ibid.

14 D. Bierman, ‘Exploring correlations between local emotional and global emotional events and the behavior of a random number generator’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1996; 10: 363–74.

15 R. Nelson, ‘Wishing for good weather: a natural experiment in group consciousness’, Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1997; 11(1): 47–58.

16 J. S. Hagel, et al., ‘Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program on preventing violent crime in Washington DC: results of the National Demonstration Project, June–July, 1993,’ Social Indicators Research, 1994; 47: 153–201.

17 M. C. Dillbeck et al., ‘The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of 48 cities’, Journal of Crime and Justice, 1981; 4: 25–45.

18 D. W. Orme-Johnson et al., ‘International peace project in the Middle East: the effects of the Maharishi technology of the unified field’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1988; 32: 776–812.

19 J. Lovelock, Gaia: a New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979).

20 R. Nelson et al., ‘Global resonance of consciousness: Princess Diana and Mother Teresa’, Electronic Journal of Parapsychology, 1998.

21 Telephone interview with R. Nelson, February 2, 2001.

22 ‘Terrorist Disaster, September 11, 2001,’ Global Consciousness Project website: http://noosphere.princeton.edu.

23 N. A. Klebanoff and P. K. Keyser, ‘Menstrual synchronization: a qualitative study’, Journal of Holistic Nursing, 1996; 14(2): 98–114.

24 In a speech in 1999 in Liège, Belgium, Mitchell would cite a little known report recording the experiences of Russian cosmonauts living aboard the Mir spacecraft for six months. Like Mitchell, they also experienced extraordinary perceptions in their waking and dream states, including precognition. It may well be that a long-duration space voyage provides some extraordinary means of tapping into The Field.

S. V. Krichevskii, ‘Extraordinary fantastic states/dreams of the astronauts in near-earth orbit: a new cosmic phenomenon’, Sozn Fiz Real, 1996; 1(4): 60-9.
 


chapter twelve: the zero point age
1 Interview with Richard Obousy, Brighton, January 20, 2001.
2 Confirmed by Graham Ennis at Propulsion Workshop, Brighton, January 20, 2001.
3 C. Sagan, Contact (London: Orbit, 1997).
4 R. Forward, ‘Extracting electrical energy from the vacuum by cohesion of charged foliated conductors’, Physical Review B, 1984: 30: 1700.
5 H. Puthoff, ‘Space propulsion: can empty space itself provide a solution?’ Ad Astra, 1997; 9(1): 42–6.
6 R. Matthews, ‘Nothing like a vacuum’, New Scientist, February 25, 1995: 33.
7 Ibid.
8 H. Puthoff, quoted in The Observer, January 7, 2001: 13.
9 Telephone and in-person interviews with Hal Puthoff, January 2001.
10 Hal Puthoff, ‘SETI: the velocity of light limitation and the Alcubierre warp drive: an integrating overview’, Physics Essays, 1996; 9(1): 156–8.
11 H. Puthoff, ‘Everything for nothing’, New Scientist, July 28, 1990: 52–5.
12 H. Puthoff, interview, Brighton, January 20, 2001.
13 Quoted on the Propulsion Workshop website: www.workshop.cwc.net.
14 J. Benveniste, ‘Specific remote detection for bacteria using an electromagnetic/digital procedure’, FASEB Journal, 1999; 13: A852.
15 E. Mitchell, ‘Nature’s mind’, keynote address, CASYS 1999, Liège, Belgium, August 8, 2000.
16 H. Puthoff, ‘Far out ideas grounded in real physics’, Jane’s Defence Weekly, July 26, 2000; 34(4): 42–6.
17 Ibid.
18 P. W. Milonni, ‘Semi-classical and quantum electrodynamical approaches in nonrelativistic radiation theory’, Physics Reports, 1976; 25: 1–8.

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