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by William F. Hamilton III
May 11, 2005
from
AstroSciences Website
recovered through
WayBackMachine Website
Spanish version
Contactees
I was enthralled as a teenager to read the story of
George Adamski
who rode out to Desert Center, California on November 20, 1952 to
meet a visitor from the planet Venus, an event attested to by six
witnesses who signed a notarized statement.
Biologists believe that human life is a product of the long
evolutionary processes that are unique to Earth. They consider it
extremely unlikely that we would someday encounter human forms from
another planet.
This popular view has prevailed to the degree that
most scientists reject the stories of
the
contacteés. They also
point out that other planets in our own solar system do not have
atmospheres conducive to human life as we know it. Venus has a
hothouse atmosphere and it bears down on the Venusian surface at a
pressure 90 times greater than earth’s atmosphere at sea level.
George Adamski had described his meeting with a man at Desert Center
and remarking that the flesh of his hand was as smooth as a baby’s,
but firm and warm. His hands were slender with long tapering
fingers. He was only five feet six inches in height and looked like
he weighed about 135 pounds.
Adamski estimated his age at 28. He had
a round face with an extremely high forehead; large, but calm
gray-green eyes, slightly aslant at the outer corners with slightly
higher cheek bones than an Occidental; a finely chiseled nose...an
average size mouth with beautiful white teeth that shone... skin
coloring that is an even, medium-colored suntan... and it did not
look like he ever had to shave for there was no more hair on his
face than a child’s.
His hair was sandy in color and hung in
beautiful waves to his shoulders. His clothing was a one-piece
garment... it’s color was chocolate brown... a band about eight inches
in width circled his waste... it was definitely a woven
material... there was a sheen about the whole garment... saw no
zippers, buttons, buckles, fasteners, or pockets of any kind... nor
seams as our garments show.
He wore no ring or ornament of any kind.
Adamski meets Orthon
near Desert Center, California on November 20, 1952
Contrast Adamski’s description with that
given by
Travis Walton when he was abducted in 1975.
Travis saw a
human being, a man about six feet two inches tall. He was muscular
and was evenly proportioned. He wore a tight-fitting bright blue
suit of material that looked like soft velour. He had course,
sandy-blond hair of medium length. He had a dark complexion, like a
deep, even tan. He had no beard or mustache. In fact, a stubble or
dark shadows of whiskers were not even visible.
Contacteé Orfeo Angelluci saw a beautiful man with extremely large,
dark and expressive eyes and noble features. He was wearing a kind
of uniform, bluish in color, perfectly tailored and tightly fitted
to the outline of his body. But it was apparently without seams,
buttons, pockets, trimmings, or design of any sort.
Howard Menger describes a beautiful woman he met sitting on a rock.
She had on a uniform which had a shimmering, shiny texture... the
clothing had no buttons, fasteners, or seams that he could discern.
Howard recreates
scene with space woman
Venusian Friend according to Howard Menger
Human extraterrestrials have been
reported in Mexico, South America, and Europe as well.
All of them
have demonstrated extraordinary telepathic abilities. The uniforms
they wear, first described by the contacteés, are similar to those
described by abductees in a later era. Some of these visitors
reportedly blend in with us and could not be readily identified if
they wore our clothing and make-up. This implies that they have a genetic kinship with earth humans and have evolved under similar
biochemical and biophysical conditions to those found on earth.
Their actual origin is unknown, but if they are from other planets
or dimensions, then their existence is a challenge to our scientific
dogma.
Sernia
was from Mars!
Sernia was from Mars.
She lived on Earth in the California city of
Santa Monica in the 1950s, the era of flying saucers and contacteés.
Every year the curious and the believers flocked to a place in the
Southern California desert known as Giant Rock.
Background
In 1958 I went to Giant Rock with
John
McCoy and Rick Williamson to meet with
George Van Tassel. Rick and
John were embarking for Phoenix on the lecture circuit and it gave
me an opportunity, before they left, to converse with the contacteés.
Van, as his friends called him, was an impressive man with a strong
personal presence. I found him exceedingly intelligent with a
down-to-earth devil-may-care attitude. Van was born in Jefferson,
Ohio in 1910. After leaving high school, he worked 4 years as a
flight mechanic for airlines at Chicago and Cleveland.
In 1930, he came to California and was
employed by Douglas Aircraft at Santa Monica for eight and half
years. He left Douglas and went to work with Howard Hughes in 1941.
Connected with flight-testing for Mr. Hughes in the desert near
Barstow, he acquired a desire for the peace and quiet of the great
open spaces.
After two and half years with Mr. Hughes, he went to
Lockheed Aircraft in Burbank for four and half years flight test
work. While there he came to a decision to live in the peace of the
desert, after almost 20 years of aircraft experience.
Van leased an abandoned airport at Giant Rock in 1947 and by 1951
had gathered together a small group who had a sincere interest in
the greater secrets of life and the desire to understand phenomena
that could not be explained by mundane science. Van found that he
could go into a trance and contact beings from other life levels. A
group of these beings were using a technological means of
communication, a Tensor Beam of high frequency that produced audio
and visual output in the brain.
If this beam were not carefully focused,
it would cause a burning sensation in different parts of his body.
Van called this method of communication "channeling" as he said it
was like tuning in a television channel to decode the
electromagnetic signal. This was somewhat unlike what people call
channeling today.
Entities with names like
Ashtar or Deska announced
that they were operators of the spacecraft we saw in our skies that
we called by the ridiculous appellation "flying saucers."
In 1952, it was beyond belief that
someone could actually be communicating with the operators of the
flying disks. Witnesses who even reported seeing one were suspect.
Even today many would consider Van Tassel a little loony.
Giant
Rock
Van reports that on August 24th, 1953, during the night of a full
moon, a scout ship with the same configuration as that photographed
by George Adamski came to a halt eight feet off the ground out on
the landing strip at around 2 AM while he was sleeping outdoors in a
sleeping bag.
He awoke in an instant and lit a cigarette. When he
sat up, he could see a man standing about six feet away from the
foot of his bed. This was not uncommon in the desert as people had
car trouble frequently on the dusty desert roads. The glowing scout
ship hovered about one hundred yards beyond the man.
The man addressed Van Tassel saying,
"My name is Solgonda. I would
be pleased to show you our craft."
Van tried to wake his wife, but
the man seemed to have her under some kind of mental control, a
situation commonly reported years later by abductees.
Solgonda
escorted Van to the ship.
Van stepped on a glowing spot on the sand
and rose slowly into the air through an entry hatch on the bottom of
the 36-foot scout craft. Many contacteés and abductees have noted
this lifting beam. The lighting inside the scout had no source such
as a light bulb, yet everything in the cab of the craft was evenly
illuminated. Van saw three other men standing by controls and all
were about five feet seven inches in height.
Solgonda conducted Van on a tour of the
small craft. One apparatus had transparent tubes filled with colored
liquids that would continuously change levels. Van was also shown
the magnetic motor and counter-revolving rotors that produced
propulsion for the scout. The scout evidently carried a battery
because it had to be charged periodically for its brief mission on
Earth. Twenty minutes later, Van was back at his bedside.
During the
time Van was with Solgonda, Solgonda demonstrated the amazing
ability to tune-in to his thoughts and voice replies to his mental
questions. Van had a queasy sensation in his stomach after this tour
and asked Solgonda if he would be okay. Solgonda replied that he
would, then tapped a crystalline device around his neck and promptly
vanished. A moment later the craft rose into the air and took off in
a northerly direction.
Two days later Van checked the spot with a compass where the ship
had hovered. When walking into the spot, the compass needle
deflected 10 degrees to the east, and when walking out of the spot,
it deflected 5 degrees to the west.
Van’s son-in-law, Dan Boone, lived on the Giant Rock property. He
was awakened at 1:55 AM that same morning by the pulsing hum of a
generator, but found that he could not rise from the sleeping bag as
some force seemed to prevent him from moving.
Dan Boone had many contacts of his own, but would not tell the
public. He confided a few of his experiences to me, but the one I
remember the most was the one where he met two men and two women at
a Yucca Valley liquor store. They were asking directions to Giant
Rock. Dan overheard them and offered to lead them out there.
When
the four arrived, Van was preparing to start one of his Saturday
night meetings in the hollowed-out room under Giant Rock. The leader
of the group of four was a tall, dark handsome man who called
himself Venudo.
Venudo sat on an ottoman near Van and
Dan. The
others sat on a couch across the room. About thirty others were
present sitting around the room. Venudo produced a device that was
hanging around his neck and tapped it just as Solgonda had done. He
instantly disappeared. There was light pouring through the window
from outside powered by a gasoline generator.
In a minute Venudo was
again visible. Dan asked him to repeat his performance. He did so,
but this time Dan reached out with his hand and could feel Venudo’s
shoulder, but still could not see what he was touching.
These
witnesses had just seen a demonstration of alien magic!
Van Tassel’s daughter, Saundra Boone, was a down-to-earth person who
reported only what she saw when she was a teenager and her father
received space visitors at Giant Rock. She told me in a private
interview that she had observed two of these visitors up close. One
was a tall man and the other was a woman of exquisite beauty (Sernia
from Mars who may have also been present as one of two women with
Venudo).
She took five photos of these people
with her camera. I was excited at the prospect that she may still
have the photos, but this excitement was quenched when I learned
that she could no longer find them among her possessions. Though
others had showed me intriguing photos of these visitors I was
hoping to have at least one more comparison. None of the contacteés
have ever offered a copy of these photos and very few have ever seen
some of these remarkable photos. This sure did not help build a case
for the contacteés.
I did eventually see the photos that Saundra
snapped of Sernia and her protector.
Two photos of Valiant
Thor, Don, and Jill (all from Venus)
Photographed at Menger’s Spacecraft Convention
in Highbridge, New
Jersey in the 1950s.
Val Thor said to have contacted Dr. Frank Stranges.
Stranges said they live inside of Venus.
Valiant Thor was also photographed at a
Giant Rock Spacecraft convention in California in the early 1960s by
John Blaylock.
Three slides showed him posing with sunglasses, blue
jeans, and a western hat; with his back to the eastern mountains and
a disc in the far eastern sky aligned with the top of his head; and
surrounded by some curious people where Val appears to only be a
pillar of light!
Now, how did he do that?
Unfortunately, I had borrowed this slide
collection from John Blaylock who had entrusted them to my care for
a limited time when they were stolen in 1973 along with other UFO
photos I had in those days as well as many of my books I had never
recovered. It took years before John got over it and forgave me for
being so careless as to not secure these valuable 35 mm slides.
Sernia was living among the people of Santa Monica, California when
the unthinkable happened and she was accidentally struck by a car.
Taken to a hospital to mend her injuries, she became fearful that
lab tests and blood samples would reveal that she was no ordinary
human.
Luckily, her protector, another one of her kind I am sure,
effected her escape from the hospital before nurses could collect
samples. He helped heal her and they both attended an early
spacecraft convention at Giant Rock.
Many people who attended these
conventions, especially those held between 1955 and 1960 reported
encounters with these human visitors from other planets in our solar
system! They reputedly live underground in the interior regions of
the rocky worlds where they are protected from hostile surface
conditions that came about long ago from war and natural causes. The
earth alone is abode to humans living on the skin of the planet
subject to the vicissitudes of weather and natural catastrophes.
This information below summarizes some new ideas about
the Martians:
“Recently, a newer idea is poking
its head about. This theory comes primarily from remote viewing
data, contactees and channelers. This idea or story is a bit
more detailed but may be total nonsense since we don’t have any
way of verifying any facts. Nevertheless, the story goes that
long ago
Mars was inhabited. Not by man, but by what you might
call our space brothers or cousins, very human-like but still
very different.
At some point, a very large body, perhaps a
large asteroid or comet, passes too closely to Mars. The object
doesn’t hit Mars, but passes close enough to rip away part of
its atmosphere, making it unstable. The people of Mars are
frantic to find a solution to the problem and seek refuge in
constructed, underground dwellings.
At some point aid arrives in the
form of another alien race with technology to transport
survivors to the nearest hospitable planet. In most accounts, it
is
the Greys that are the aliens that come to aid. So a large
percentage of the people were brought to Earth and given a
second chance. Because Earth was already inhabited by early man
and to not disrupt the natural evolution, the people of Mars use
knowledge gained from their experience on their own planet, to
build underground dwellings here on Earth.
It’s believed by some
that they will remain hidden until man reaches a stage when he
is ready for the knowledge of their existence. Many believe that
in the past, it would have been very dangerous for any being of
another planet to announce its presents. Even today it would
probably be dangerous.
We are still very primitive as a
society. We have not risen above the need for violence and wars.
Some ask that if we can’t even get along with each other, how
will we ever accept beings from another world? The problem with
this second theory, if there is any truth to it at all, is that
by the time we have reached a point to where we could cohabitate
with another species in a beneficial manner, we will have
destroyed Earth through greed and ignorance.
Whether there are Martians living in secret on Earth or not,
many believe that we will face huge problems in the coming years
with pollution, overpopulation, the depletion of natural
resources, nuclear waste, natural disasters, etc... There are
many legends such as that of
Atlantis, which speak of a race of
beings with advanced technology, that came from the stars.
Some
even view the face on mars and what look like possible pyramids
on Mars, as evidence to support the idea that life once existed
on Mars and at some point must have at least visited Earth.”
These older brothers of ours have been
in the solar system for untold eons being part of a wave of
colonization that has swept across our galaxy millions of years ago.
Very few come out openly as they did in the contacteé era as this
world has grown more threatening to them and their only safety is to
keep secret if among us.
Perhaps if our world becomes safe again in
the future, they will emerge to greet us as long lost cosmic cousins
who have lost our way.
Skeptical Views
Isabel Davis who, in 1957, was an officer of Civilian Saucer
Intelligence of New York, once wrote a scathing critique of the contactee’s claims entitled, "Meet the Extraterrestrials."
One
criticism that she levels at the spacemen in the contactee’s stories
is that they never provide unequivocal proof. And, of course, they
claim to originate from planets that scientists know harbor
conditions hostile to any kind of life, much less humanoid life.
The
main criticism of Adamski’s claims is that his visitors claimed to
have come from Venus, Mars, and Saturn.
The early
contacteés described meeting human extraterrestrials
wherever their point of origin. These human visitors had very
symmetrical features; their skin was clear and translucent; their
fingers were more flexible than ours; and their irises had different
hues and colors than those seen on earth. They are never reported to
be fat, thin, or ugly.
Their hair, teeth, nails, and eyes were all
without defect. It’s as if they perfected control over their genetic
breeding and produced healthier and longer living specimens than
terrestrial humans.
Once in 1960, a young contacteé named Paul took a photo out of his
wallet allegedly showing a picture of a woman from another planet.
She appeared to fit the description given by many contacteés. Her
eyes were the most electric blue I had ever seen.
One of the most affective of the contacteés was Orfeo Angelluci. Orfeo became my friend. Van Tassel had always stimulated my mind,
but Orfeo had touched a deeper level of my being. Orfeo had answers
to the flying saucer mystery that embraced all of mankind within its
scope. He often met with a visitor he called, "Neptune" as the name
had some meaning for him. Neptune had told Orfeo that he was
functioning in dimensions unknown to our world.
Orfeo was astonished once to notice that
Neptune’s uniform looked like it wavered as if seen through rippling
water and its color did not remain solid and uniform, but changed in
spots. One of the precocious revelations that Orfeo revealed in his
book was that the flying disks that he had seen were a product of organic technology, that they were grown in chemical baths and all
systems were grown into their seamless structure. Orfeo bore a large
share of ridicule from the disbelievers.
Another, little-known California contacteé of the fifties was Calvin Girvin. Calvin reported many contacts with a human saucer pilot
named Cryxtan. Calvin also reported going aboard one of the scout
ships. Calvin was also in the Air Force and was interrogated by the
AF Office of Special Investigation. Last heard from, he was living
somewhere in Hollywood.
From time to time present-day abductees report an encounter with
Nordic-looking alien beings that bear a resemblance to the ones
described by the contacteés of the fifties. Recently, a coffee shop
friend found out that I was a field investigator and was eager to
tell me of the odd events that had entered his life when he was a
pre-teen.
Like the old-timers, he claimed that a man from Mars came
to visit him, and, one day, took him for a ride to the planet Mars
where they entered an opening in the ground. A shaft descended five
miles toward the planet’s interior where he encountered the
inhabitants of an ancient underground Martian civilization.
The contacteé experience has its own characteristics. Some of these
characteristics are shared with the
abductee experience, but most
are unique to a contacteé scenario. Most Ufologists of the nineties
have been led to believe that the contacteés were charlatans out to
spread religious philosophies, and this has proven a stumbling block
to any proposed scientific investigation of the contactee’s claims.
A typical contacteé scenario usually proceeds in this fashion:
1) The contacteé has an urge
or impulse that he or she perceives to be coming from an outside
source and this urge seems to direct them to some remote
location. There is an air of expectancy.
2) The contacteé is usually approached by a human being
wearing a one-piece uniform that has disembarked from a flying
saucer. The human can access the contactee’s mind with
telepathy. The visitors do not display any difficulty with
English or any other spoken language.
3) Either the meeting terminates or the contacteé is
taken on a tour of the ship or a ride to a mothership.
4) The contacteé does not experience a loss of time or
lapse of memory.
5) The contacteé is usually given a message or project to
accomplish. One of the common themes of the messages given to
the early contacteés is that we are upsetting the balance of
nature.
Many Ufologists who study abductee
(or, using the newer term - experiencer) cases generally accept that
there were no legitimate contacteés and that there is no precedence
for the abductee scenario.
Objections to the case for the contacteés are:
1) The contacteé doesn’t have
any first-hand eyewitnesses. Although true of the vast
proportion of abductees as well, it was felt that the contacteé
should have someone else that would attest to the reality of the
experience. As we have related here, George Adamski, for one,
had six eyewitnesses to his first contact.
2) The early contacteés claimed that the visitors came
from planets in our local solar system such as Mars and
Venus.
Space probes have proven that other planets in our system could
not sustain life as we know it. It might be possible that humans
with advanced technology could build protected habitats on or
under the surface of neighboring planets, but they would not
have originated there.
Other possibilities include coming from a
different frequency/density/dimension of the other planet in our
system, but the visitors did not always explicitly state this as
their origin. Perhaps they were deceiving the contacteés or the
contacteés colluded with the visitors to protect their identity
and origin from enemies also contacting earth humans.
Otherwise,
we are left with the conclusion that the contacteés fabricated
this part of their story or their whole story. This last
conclusion is, of course, the one that wins the most votes among
researchers.
3) One of the primary objections to the contacteé was the
apparent zeal with which they spread quasi-religious messages.
This was disturbingly cult-like. The feedback of adulation and
attention given the contacteé may distort whatever legitimate
experience he/she may have had.
4) The contacteés were not very cooperative with
researchers; extensively ridiculed, they were not interested in
providing proof of their experiences to still another skeptical
inquirer.
5) One of the biggest objections to the contacteé
experience is that the visitors were reported looking human and
able to pass undetected amongst us if dressed in our clothing.
Humans were a product of earth’s evolutionary development and could not possibly arise on other worlds.
Yet, reports of
human
entities from UFOs will not go away. We still hear of encounters
with them from the new experiencers. The existence of humans
originating from an extraterrestrial or extra dimensional
civilization is a comforting thought to our aloneness in the
universe.
I have now seen about a half-dozen
photos of these extraterrestrial humans in my lifetime and, except
for their extraordinary beauty, they could easily pass unrecognized
among us and I believe I briefly have entertained them in short
encounters I have had since the 1950s.
No one looking at these
photos, such as the ones of Sernia, will ever believe that these are
other than terrestrial humans and will doubt such evidence as they
have doubted the photos take by contacteé
Billy Meier.
It is OK by
me for them to doubt, guffaw, and ridicule the very existence of
these wonderful people for I cannot prove anything to those who are
skeptical. Neither do I blame them for being skeptical. However, I
am not alone in knowing they really exist.
Perhaps someday everyone
will know.
Planetary Facts
and Analysis
Venus/Earth Comparison
Bulk parameters
Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 4.8685 5.9736 0.815
Volume (1010 km3) 92.843 108.321 0.857
Equatorial radius (km) 6051.8 6378.1 0.949
Polar radius (km) 6051.8 6356.8 0.952
Volumetric mean radius (km) 6051.8 6371.0 0.950
Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.000 0.00335 0.0
Mean density (kg/m3) 5243 5515 0.951
Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) 8.87 9.80 0.905
Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) 8.87 9.78 0.907
Escape velocity (km/s) 10.36 11.19 0.926
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.3249 0.3986 0.815
Bond albedo 0.750 0.306 2.45
Visual geometric albedo 0.65 0.367 1.77
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -4.40 -3.86 -
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 2613.9 1367.6 1.911
Black-body temperature (K) 231.7 254.3 0.911
Topographic range (km) 15 20 0.750
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.33 0.3308 0.998
J2 (x 10-6) 4.458 1082.63 0.004
Number of natural satellites 0 1
Planetary ring system No No
Venus Atmosphere
Surface pressure: 92 bars
Surface density: ~65. kg/m3
Total mass of atmosphere: ~4.8 x 1020 kg
Average temperature: 737 K (464 C)
Diurnal temperature range: ~0
Wind speeds: 0.3 to 1.0 m/s (surface)
Mean molecular weight: 43.45 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (near surface, by volume):
Major: 96.5% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 3.5% Nitrogen (N2)
Minor (ppm): Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - 150; Argon (Ar) - 70; Water (H2O) - 20;
Mars/Earth Comparison
Bulk parameters
Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 0.64185 5.9736 0.107
Volume (1010 km3) 16.318 108.321 0.151
Equatorial radius (km) 3397 6378.1 0.533
Polar radius (km) 3375 6356.8 0.531
Volumetric mean radius (km) 3390 6371.0 0.532
Core radius (km) 1700 3485 0.488
Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.00648 0.00335 1.93
Mean density (kg/m3) 3933 5515 0.713
Surface gravity (m/s2) 3.71 9.80 0.379
Surface acceleration (m/s2) 3.69 9.78 0.377
Escape velocity (km/s) 5.03 11.19 0.450
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.04283 0.3986 0.107
Bond albedo 0.250 0.306 0.817
Visual geometric albedo 0.150 0.367 0.409
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 -
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 589.2 1367.6 0.431
Black-body temperature (K) 210.1 254.3 0.826
Topographic range (km) 30 20 1.500
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.366 0.3308 1.106
J2 (x 10-6) 1960.45 1082.63 1.811
Number of natural satellites 2 1
Planetary ring system No No
Martian Atmosphere
Surface pressure: 6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season)
[6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)]
Surface density: ~0.020 kg/m3
Total mass of atmosphere: ~2.5 x 1016 kg
Average temperature: ~210 K (-63 C)
Diurnal temperature range: 184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site)
Wind speeds: 2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites)
Mean molecular weight: 43.34 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (by volume):
Major : Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32% ; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7%
Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08%
Minor (ppm): Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5;
Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3;
Component Volume% mmHg Molecular Mass
Component Volume% mmHg Molecular Mass
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Anomalies
The atmospheric pressure on the surface of a planet should be a
product of the gravitational force of the planet and the weight and
height of a column of air.
Venus and Mars have virtually identical
atmospheric compositions by volume percentage yet the atmosphere on
Venus has a height of 15.9 km vs 11.1 for Mars whereas the
atmosphere of earth is about 8.5 km.
The gravitational force on Venus is only
about 90% of the earth’s gravity and Mars is only about 38% of earth
gravity, yet the atmospheric pressure on Venus is listed as 92 bars
(Earth is 1 bar) and the atmospheric pressure on Mars is only about
6.36 millibars or .00636 bars!
What accounts for the huge magnitude
difference of the different planetary atmospheres?
We will explore
this mystery further in trying to determine if we indeed have all
the facts about our neighboring planets.
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