|
by David E. Flynn
February 24, 2008
from
RaidersNewsNetwork Website
The size and scope of David Flynn's Tiahuanaco discovery
simply surpasses comprehension. Mammoth traces of
intelligence carved in stone and covering hundreds of
square miles.
For those who understand
what they are seeing here for the first time, this could
indeed be the strongest evidence ever found of
prehistoric engineering by those who were known and
feared throughout the ancient world as gods.
~ Thomas Horn
This satellite image (above) is a
portion of the Andean foothills surrounding Lake Titicaca in
Bolivia, South America. It is a small sample of a vast network of
patterns that surround the lake and extend for more than one hundred
miles south into the Bolivian desert.
The patterns display geometric
repetition and intelligent design.
There are interlocking rectangular cells
and mounds, perfectly straight lines and tree like arrays that are
uncharacteristic with natural erosion. These cover every
topographical feature of the high plateau surrounding the lake, over
flood plains, hills, cliffs and mountains.
Although these geoglyphs are remarkable
in their obvious strangeness, what is more astounding is that they
have remained in obscurity until now. In the same way modern
archeologists recently found the ruins of hidden Mayan temples in
the Guatemalan jungle by using earth orbiting satellites, we have
discovered what could be one of the greatest finds of our time.
Directly South of Lake Titicaca the foothills are embossed with
mound and rope arrangements of earth and rock. These form a
contiguous ‘geomantic’ and ‘circuit like’ network visible only from
the air.
The ‘dendrite’ forms above seem to be the most extensive patterns on
the Bolivian Altiplano (the 226 foot “747” airplane is inserted for
scale). When viewed from above the terrain appears disconcertingly
‘alien’ and surreal.
The combined mass of the walls on these mountains below easily
rivals Hadrian’s 73 mile long wall in England.
Perfectly straight lines and repeated sharp angle turns such as
pictured do not occur through natural erosion.
One hundred and twenty miles south of
Lake Titicaca , near Chata, Bolivia, lines and geometric shapes were
set in the ground by removal of earth at different depths, leaving
various colors of strata underneath exposed.
The effect is like a Zen garden covering
the entire desert.
(Above) Amazing
patterns on the Bolivian desert cover approximately 10 square miles.
Close up of the same area in the
Bolivian desert, approximately one square mile.
Though geologists believe that Lake Titicaca has been receding for
nearly 13,000 years, having been formed at the end of the last ice
age, patterns of stripes are evident under the lake’s shoreline for
a distance of at least nearly two miles before being obscured by the
waters depths. At first glance the stripes appear to be cultivation
plots.
However, they are extremely narrow in
relation to their length… some 5 feet wide to several thousand feet
long.
Linear features of the South shore of Lake Titicaca from the
altitude of 10 miles.
Above is a ground view of the linear features as they extend from
the shore of the Lake.
They appear to have been scored into the
ground. No explanation of their purpose is recorded by the local
Indians, only that they are remnants of the civilization of
Viracocha, the Inca god of creation.
Twelve miles south of Lake Titicaca, located within the center of
the array of geoglyphs, lies the megalithic ruins of Tiahuanaco.
Known as the "American Stonehenge" or
the "Baalbek of the New World”, its architecture exhibits
technological skill that exceeds modern feats of building. At
Tiahuanaco, immense stone works were joined with modular fittings
and complex breach-locking levels that have never been seen in any
other ancient culture. Many of the blocks were joined together with
‘t’ shaped metal clamps that were poured into place by a portable
forge.
According to engineers, one of the
largest single stones ever to be moved and put into building
anywhere on earth (about 400 tons) was transported to Tiahuanaco
from a quarry over two hundred miles away. This feat is more
incredible when one realizes the route of transport was through a
mountain range up to 15,000 feet.
Conventional historians assign the age of buildings of Tiahuanaco at
around 600 B.C., believing that a pre-Inca civilization, without
benefit of the wheel, modern tools or even a written language
constructed these architectural marvels.
Tiahuanco Bolivia:
Image from Hermanos French- American expedition in 1903.
The historian Arthur Posnansky studied the area for over 50
years and observed that sediment had been deposited over the site to
the depth of six feet.
Within this overburden, produced by a
massive flood of water sometime around the Pleistocene age (13,000
years ago) fossilized human skulls were unearthed together with sea
shells and remnants of tropical plants.1
The skulls have nearly three times the
cranial capacity of modern man and are displayed in the La Paz
museum in Bolivia. 2
An ancient shoreline was etched into the hills surrounding
Tiahuanaco that had been lifted out of the horizontal plane.
Additionally there were lime deposits on the surface of the exposed
megaliths, indicating that they had been submerged in water.
Posnansky wrote:
The climate is dry, the foliage is
scanty, the weather is cold, the neighboring people wretchedly
poor and few in number. The top soil of the plateau is a
two-foot dry deposit, now soft stone.
Below it stands the lignite of
charred tropical plants. Next come a layer of ash deposited
amidst rainfall, and then appears an alluvial deposit. In such a
place, one would normally expect merely a scanty soil,
windswept, on rocky ground. 3
The geoglyphs in this area are found
extant in all three layers of stratum, described by Posnansky, some
of the most complex and ancient were carved into bedrock. In places
the rock was hewn into intricate mazes, rectilinear cells, mounds
and other geometry.
These can be seen protruding from the
valley floor of ice age sediment.
At the outskirts of the Bolivian village of Viacha, entire hills
were excised in this manner. Other examples can be seen near the
village of Batallas and Ancocahua, and on the foothills around
Pucarani and Machacamarca.
The geologically younger stratum around
these patterns is easy to discern in satellite images.
Though remnants of ancient farming, known as suka kollus in the
local Aymara language (artificially raised fields) can be seen among
these geoglyphic features, these are found in the valleys and are
easily distinguishable from the majority of glyph patterns around
Lake Titicaca.
The raised farming fields (viewed above) are distinctly labyrinth in
design and though extensive, constitute a small portion of the
patterns that appear more ‘ritualistic’ in design.
However, because these features are so
ancient and no longer used for farming due to the poor climate, they
are termed “fossilized suka kollus” by archaeologists.
The horizontal terracing seen on many hills around the lake seem to
have been designed to collect and hold rain water to create
additional farming land. However, the vertical features that are far
more extensive on the Altiplano are composed of rock piles and in
some places they are hewn into the bed rock itself. Vertical walls
of earth and rock cannot have been built to hold water.
Some areas exhibit rectangular cells,
others, perfect circles.
The geoglyphic pattern above is found 12 miles to the north east of
Lake Titicaca and is 13,500 feet above sea level. Its function is
not consistent with any Inca farming technique.
The Inca civilization was relatively short lived, lasting only 100
years. Their culture inherited most its technology and legend from
civilization stretching far into antiquity. It is known that the
Inca and their predecessors possessed no written language. Instead
they used an arrangement of knotted ropes that communicated
extremely complex information.
This system, called 'quipus' was only
understood by the highly trained Inca elite. The Spanish explorers
recorded that the quipus was capable of recording not only census
and crop records but lineage of kings and narratives of history.
Examples of quipus from the pre-Inca cultures have recently been
discovered in excavations in Peru dating to c. 3000 B.C. 4
More significantly, the knotted and
colored patterns of ropes that formed the quipus seems to be
represented in stone among some of the more ancient geoglyphs on the
Alti Plano.
Examples of
Quipus knot writing of the Inca.
The similarities of the quipus type rock
glyphs and examples of Inca quipus rope are compellingly similar.
The monumental work required to carve
these geoglyphs suggest the importance of the message they conveyed.
It is also remarkable that the knotted configurations of quipus seem
to have been carved into the bedrock of hills rising above sediment
that was deposited over the bedrock itself. This suggests that the
age of these features is in excess of many thousands of years.
As in the case of the Nazca lines of Peru, the Tiahuanaco geoglyphs
represent hundreds of years in construction and communal effort of
thousands. However, unlike Nazca that was constructed in low
altitude, the more extensive Tiahuanaco geoglyphs lie in a region
that cannot support a population capable of producing such vast
works, existing on a plain 12,500 feet above sea level and higher.
Never the less, they saturate the
country side for hundreds of square miles, a fact that presents
enormous architectural difficulties. Modern day visitors to the
region are advised to limit activity due to the danger of altitude
sickness. In fact, hotels in La Paz actually provide supplementary
oxygen for their guests.
When the first Spanish chroniclers arrived with the conquistador
Pizarro, the Inca explained that Tiahuanaco had been constructed by
a race of giants, called "Huaris", before Chamak-pacha, the "period
of darkness", and was already in ruins before their civilization
began.
The giants had been created by Viracocha,
the god who came from the heavens.
He (Viracocha) created animals and a
race of giants. These beings enraged the Lord, and he turned
them into stone. Then he flooded the earth till all was under
water, and all life extinguished. This flood was called uñu
pachacuti, by the Inca which means "water that overturns the
land."
They say that it rained 60 days and
nights, that it drowned all created things, and that there alone
remained some vestiges of those who were turned into stones.
Viracocha rose from the bosom of
Lake Titicaca, and presided over the erection of those wondrous
cities whose ruins still dot its islands and western shores, and
whose history is totally lost in the night of time. 5
In this image, from the Sintich Hermanos French- American expedition
in 1903, shows a megalith detached from the major complex of
Tiahuanaco.
Its surface is etched by a massive flow
of water that also deposited the sediment around it. The geology of
this area is characteristic of the glacial flooding associated with
the end of the Pleistocene era, 13,000 years ago.
Less than a mile from Tiahuanaco, at a place named Puma Punko,
immense stone ashlars, some in the 200 ton range were scattered and
tossed like a child’s building blocks in an episode of unparalleled
seismic violence.
Posnansky believed that it was more
ancient than Tiahuanaco and modern researchers have suggested that
both sites may have been built over previous cultures with antiquity
stretching back tens of thousands of years.
A recent excavation of the ruins near Tiahuanaco. Note the six foot
layer of water borne sediment at the altitude, 12,500 feet.
Posnansky also suggested that the Kalasasaya temple of Tiahuanaco
had been aligned with the angle that the sun and planets passed
overhead. This "obliqueness of the ecliptic" at Kalasasaya indicated
that nearly 17,000 years had passed since the Tiahuanaco had been
constructed. 6
The broken hundred
ton megaliths of Puma Punku
Modern claims of destroyed lost civilizations of earth, underground
cities, giants and alien beings from the heavens are fertile
subjects for ridicule.
However, all these topics are found
concentrated in the founding myths of the Inca and their
predecessors.
The Peruvian historian Montesinos, in "Memorias Antiguas,
Historias Politicas del Peru” wrote:
Cusco and the city of ruins,
Tiwanaku are connected by a gigantic subterranean road. The
Incas do not know who built it. They know nothing about the
inhabitants of Tiwanaku. In their opinion it was built by a very
ancient people who later on retreated into the jungle of the
Amazon.
The Tiahunaco researcher H.S. Bellamy
believed that the Tiahuanacan civilization had been destroyed by a
small moon that decayed in its orbit and crashed into the earth.
His findings were based on the
hieroglyphs of the gate way of the sun in the main temple of
Tiahuanaco. Additionally, Bellamy wrote that the cataclysm was only
one of a series produced by several captured moons. Tiahuanaco and
Puma Punko were the last remaining edifices to cultures that existed
in extreme antiquity… up to hundreds of thousands of years old.
7
This assertion seems to be verified in the extreme erosion of the
geoglyphs in a margin around Lake Titicaca above 14,000 feet. At
this altitude the surface features show the effects of prolonged
rain and wind.
Below 14,000 feet the geoglyphs remain
much more intact due to being submerged in the post glacial extent
of lake Titicaca… at its largest volume c. 13,000 years ago.
The margin of erosion can be seen above.
The rectangular features on the right
are intact below 14,000 feet at the ancient shore line of Titicaca.
This indicates that the majority of the Tiahuanaco geoglyphs were
constructed before Lake Titicaca grew to its post glacial depth.
A further example of the Pleistocene age of the geoglyphs is seen
below on a hill to the north of Lake Titicaca at 14,000 foot margin.
Near the center of the image is an alluvial fan, created by sediment
bearing runoff meeting standing water.
A close-up of the hill reveals the highly eroded shadows of the same
geoglyphic features seen throughout the area.
The patterns carved in the bedrock seen in the image below were
covered with ice age sediment. Over time wind and rain has removed
the glacial deposits to reveal the geoglyphs underneath.
Inca civilization founding myths of giants and world deluge agree
with similar legends from the Maya, Olmec and Aztec cultures of
Mexico.
These are also consistent with Sumerian
and Hebrew accounts of the flood and of giants.
And when the sons of men had
multiplied, in those days, beautiful and comely daughters were
born to them: and the Watchers, the sons of heaven saw them and
desired them.
And they said to one another,
“come let us choose for
ourselves wives from the daughters of men, and let us beget
for ourselves, children”…
Then said the Most High,
“go to Noah and tell him that a
deluge is about to come upon the whole earth, to heal the
earth which the angels have corrupted, that all the children
of men may not perish through all the secret things that the
Watchers have disclosed.”
1 Enoch 6: 1-7 10.
The Greeks too believed that the giants
were responsible for the creation of megalithic structures that have
been discovered over the entire earth.
Islamic folklore also describes the
“building” activity of a race of super beings called the ‘Jinn’:
The Jinn were before Adam: They
built huge cities whose ruins still stand in forgotten places.
Koran, Surah 89: 9-15, 27.
In Egypt, the Edfu temple texts,
believed to predate the Egyptians themselves explain:
The most ancient of earth’s temples
and monuments were built to bring about the resurrection of the
destroyed world of the gods.
The impression that the Tiahuanaco
geoglyphs leave is of both complexity and symbolism. Their extreme
age and vastness conveys purpose beyond the realm of modern thought.
If a creation of art, their purpose may
have been to merge human culture with the processes of nature.
However, within the Inca religious paradigm, the oldest record of
the Andean region available to us, they are the vestiges of a lost
civilization that knew its destiny… to be destroyed by world
cataclysm.
In this regard the geoglyphs would serve
not only as a memorial of an ancient existence, but also as a
warning for future humanity of the return of a destructive epoch.
The geoglyphs seem to be physical evidence that supports the Middle
and South American myths of world deluge and giants. Their discovery
in modern times fits Inca and Mayan prophecies of an “awakening” to
knowledge of the ancient past, of the ‘builder gods’ and of their
return.
It is perhaps testament to the accuracy
of these prophecies that the date,
December 21st, 2012 is known so widely in modern times…
the end of the Mayan calendar.
References
1. Posnansky, Arthur. Tiahuanacu.
New York: J.J. Augustin, 1946
2. Childress, David Hatcher. The Coneheads of Peru, World
Explorer Magazine. Kempton, Il: World Explorers Club, Vol.
3, No. 4.
3. Arthur Posnansky, Tiahuanaco, The Cradle of American Man,
(N.Y.: Augustin, 1958).
4. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-134180701.html
5. Acosta, Hint, of the New World, bk. y. chap. 4, bk. vi.
chap. 19, Eri£. trans., 1701, "History of the Incas" by
Pedro Sarmiento De Gamboa, translated by Clements Markham,
Cambridge: The Hakluyt Society 1907, pp. 28-58.
6. Posnansky, Arthur. Tiahuanacu: The Cradle of American Man
(4 vol., 1945–58). J. J. Augustin, New York, 1945.
7. Cf. H.S. Bellamy and P. Allan, The Calendar of Tiahuanaco
(1959) and The Great Idol of Tiahuanaco, both published by
Faber and Faber, London.
|
