Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943) - Master of Resonance

It was an innocent experiment.

The year was 1898 and Tesla attached a small vibrator to an iron column in his laboratory located in New York City. He closed a switch and it began vibrating. He had noticed that at certain frequencies specific pieces of equipment in the room would start to jiggle. Changing the frequency would move the jiggle to another part of the room. Unfortunately, he had not taken into account the fact that the column ran downward into the foundation beneath the building. His vibrations were being transmitted all over Manhattan.

For Tesla, the first hint of trouble came when the walls and floor began to heave (ref 1). He immediately stopped the experiment just as the police came rushing through the door. It seems he had started a small earthquake in his neighborhood which had smashed windows, swayed buildings, and sent panicky neighbors rushing into the streets. The police fingered Tesla because they had frequently responded to complaints about his unusual activities. It was another of Tesla's experiments in resonance.

Although Tesla was not the first to discover resonance he was obsessed with it and created some of the most incredible demonstrations of it ever seen. He studied both mechanical and electrical versions. In the process he created an artificial earthquake, numerous artificial lightning storms, knocked an entire power plant off line in Colorado, and nearly caused the steel frame of a sky scraper under construction in Manhattan to collapse.

Tesla realized that the principles of resonance could be used to transmit and receive radio messages well before Marconi. In fact, many knowledgeable sources now credit Tesla as the inventor of radio rather than Marconi. This includes the Supreme Court which in 1943 ruled that Tesla's radio patents had preceded all others including Marconi's .

Tesla was a one-of-a-kind neurotic genius who had a profound influence on our technology and culture. He was obsessed with germs and the number three yet his inventions almost single handedly enabled the creation of our modern AC power distribution system. He was a contemporary of Edison and for a time worked for the famous inventor. Unlike Edison (who Tesla considered something of a bumpkin), Tesla used theory and calculations as well as experimentation to conduct his research. He was the more modern of the two in his approach to research and development. He was also far more interested in pursuing his inventions for their own sake than in becoming rich and famous.

Unfortunately, Tesla's obsession with pursuing grand ideas and projects proved to be his undoing. He became convinced that energy could be transmitted through the air without wires and spent a small fortune on a demonstration project. He built a giant Tesla coil in Colorado Springs which used electrical resonance to build up incredibly high voltages and caused fantastic lightning shows. Unfortunately, his dream of transmitting wireless power was never commercialized and, partly because of it, Tesla ended dying a poor man .

The mad scientist stereotype which persists to this day came from Tesla. Tesla's Manhattan Lab was a mysterious place complete with buzzing electric arcs, eerie lighting, and all kinds of bizarre contraptions. The lab undoubtedly inspired mad scientist scenes in 1930's horror pictures such as Frankenstein, with Boris Karloff, in which high voltage arcs are used to give the monster life. Although Tesla never attempted to create life he did create the first radio controlled robotic vehicles and claimed that one day robots would free humanity of drudgery work. He also claimed to have invented a powerful death beam.

For entertainment, Tesla once convinced his good friend Mark Twain to test out a vibrating platform in his Manhattan lab. Twain took him up on the offer and found it to his liking. When Tesla commanded Twain to come down off the platform Twain refused because he was having a good time. A few minutes later Twain ran from the device. It seems that Tesla had deliberately neglected to tell Twain that the vibration tended to cause diarrhea.

Had Tesla been less eccentric and more interested in personal fortune he would have avoided the grandiose projects which were his undoing. If he had simply avoided making outrageous statements, he would have had more scientific credibility and easily overshadowed Edison. Today, Tesla would be far more famous and the subject of resonance would probably receive far more attention in science textbooks.

Resonance was certainly one of Tesla's greatest passions and, like Tesla, seems almost too mysterious to be real.

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