The second period of the Half-Gods

in the Bible mentioned the Children of God

The Pre-Sumerian period

The First Dynasty of Urim (Ur)

About 4561 - 4384 BCE

The tutelary deity of Urim was Nanna, the moon god.

Cylinder seals from the "Royal" Cemetery of Ur with the inscriptions "Meskalamdug, King " and one with "Akalamdug, King of Ur" have been found. Neither name is in the Sumerian Kings List. Since seal impressions with the inscription "Mec-ana-pada" were recovered above the area, it is probable, but not certain, that they preceded him. Their rule has been called Dynasty 0. The Cemetery dates from before Mec-ana-pada and was so lavish that it must have been for royalty.

There were at least 17 tombs and 15 of them were found with between 3 and 74 attendants, mostly female, buried with them. Nowhere else in Mesopotamia has human sacrifice in tombs been found and there is no mention of it in any text, but it must have been an important rite in archaic Ur.

The practice was probably similar to Egyptian rites where the kings were considered gods or at least earthly representations of them, and as such were entitled to take their servants with them.

No proof has been found that any other city had such a dominant and powerful conception of kings, and in fact the kings of 1^st Dynasty did not.

Most Scholars identify Urim as the city called Erech in the Bible but that is not proven yet. The strange excavations in "Urim" makes it possible that these were two different cities. "Ur of the Chaldeans" (the city of Abraham (about 2,100 BCE) in the Bible) can be the same as Urim but that is also not proven yet. The Chaldeans conquered the Babylonians much later in history, in the sixth century BCE.

Note: It is obvious that the time in which the story of Abraham was written or rewritten must be placed about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans, a Semitic people, flourished in the period (612-539 BCE). Here is prove again that Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch.

In Urim, Mec-Ane-pada Mesannepadda became king; he ruled for 80 ? years.

Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meskiagnunna the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became king; he ruled for 36 years.

Elulu ruled for 25 years.

Balulu ruled for 36 years.

4 kings; they ruled for 177 years.

Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan.

All told, four kings ruled a total of 177 years before Ur was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Awan.

Table of the first dynasty of Urim

The Dynasty of Awan

the first Elamite dynasty

About 4384 - 4028 BCE

An Elamite city-state probably in Elam or near Susa in the southwest of Iran.

The bitter struggle between Kic, Unug and Urim for control of Sumer must have weakened them because we now have the first foreign occupation of the land.

In Awan, ...... became king; he ruled for ...... years.

...... ruled for ...... years.

...... ruled for 36 years.

The text on the Tablet is here unreadable.

3 kings; they ruled for 356 years.

Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

All told, three kings ruled a total of 356 years before Awan was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Kish.

Table of the dynasty of Awan

in the Bible mentioned the Children of God

The Second Dynasty of Kic

About 5868 - 2673 BCE.

In Kic, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 years.

Dadasig ruled for 81 ? years.

Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 420 years

 Kalbum, the son of Mamagal ruled for 195 132 years.

Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years.

Men-nuna, the son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years.

..... Lugalmu ruled for 290 420 years.

Lugalju Ibbi-Ea ruled for 360 290 years.

The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable.

8 kings; they ruled for 3,195 years.

Proof again that Scholars don’t believe in a long lifetime and that’s why they changed the timeline without any authorization in acc. to the King list to about (again) 2550-2400 BCE, there is no evidence what’s so ever why the Sumerian King list should be wrong with the rule length of these Kings. Why most of them believe the story in the Bible about the age of the Earth-fathers and not what is written in the Sumerian King list ?, maybe the reader can give that answer.

Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi.

All told, eight kings ruled a total of 3,195 before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Hamazi.

Again there is a difference in the rule time of some Kings but their total dynasty was the same.

Table of the second dynasty of Kic

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A separate period of the Half-Gods

in the Bible mentioned the Children of God.

The Dynasty of Hamazi

The second Elamite dynasty

About 4028 - 3668 BCE

An Elamite state. The second foreign power to rule in Sumer.

In Hamazi, Hadanic became king; he ruled for 360 years.

1 king; ruled for 360 years.

Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???

Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

After kingship was brought to Hamazi, Hadanish ruled 360 years before Hamazi was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk.

Table of the dynasty of Hamazi

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The Sumerian period

The second period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods.

The Second Dynasty of Unug

About 3668 - 3481 BCE

Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???

In Unug, En-cakanca-ana Enshakanshanna became king; he ruled for 60 years.

Lugal-ure ruled for 120 years.

Argandea ruled for 7 years.

3 kings; they ruled for 187 years.

Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

All told, three kings ruled a total of 187 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur.

Table of the second dynasty of Unug

The last period of the first Human and the last generations of the Sons of the Gods.

The Second Dynasty of Urim

About 3481 - 2899 BCE

Nani became king; he ruled for 120 years.

Mec-ki-aj-Nanna Meshkiagnanna, the son of Nani, ruled for 48 years.

......, the son (?) of ......, ruled for ... years.

The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable.

Not in the list of most Scholars, rule time to long ???

3 kings; they ruled for 582 years.

Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Adab.

All told, four kings ruled a total of 116 (?) years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Adab.

Here is the first important difference between the two lists. The oldest 3 kings with a total of 582 years and the Isin list at total of 4 kings and probably 116 years. If this dynasty lasted shorter then the oldest list tells us than all dynasties before can be placed 400 years later. Except for the dynasty of Kish because this Godly dynasty existed during all the others. As said it has no impact on the timeline to the Flood and the timeline before the Flood,

Table of the second dynasty of Urim

The Dynasty of Adab

About 2899 - 2809 BCE

Ancient Sumerian city located south of Nippur (modern Niffer or Nuffar), Iraq. Excavations (1903–04) carried out by the American archaeologist Edgar James Banks.

An important city up to the Sargonic Period. The last mention of it may have been under Hammurabi. The city was dedicated to the Goddess Ninhursag.

Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for 90 years.

1 king; ruled for 90 years.

Then Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari.

After kingship was brought to Adab, Lugalannemundu ruled 90 years before Adab was defeated and its kingship carried off to Mari.

Table of the dynasty of Adab

The Dynasty of Mari

About 2809 - 2673 BCE

An ancient and important kingdom on the western bank of the Euphrates which flourished in the 3rd millennium BC. Mari was the capital of the 10th dynasty after the flood. Excavations revealed the remains of a 300 room palace, with a great library stacked with 20,000 cuneiform tablets.

In the timetable of some Scholars this dynasty is missing, the reason is for me unclear because it exists in the King list.

In Mari, Anbu (?) Ilshu became king; he ruled for 30 years.

Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 years.

Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years.

Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years.

 Limer, the gudu priest, ruled for 30 years.

Carrum-iter Sharrumiter ruled for 9 years.

6 kings; they ruled for 136 years.

Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

All told, six kings ruled a total of 136 years before Mari was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish.

Table of the dynasty of Mari

The Dynasty of Akcak

About 2660 - 2561 BCE

The reason why this dynasty existed is unclear, maybe some leaders did not accept a women as King (Kug-Bau) and part of the country created a Kingdom themselves. This dynasty existed during the third and the fourth dynasty of Kic (see next)

Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years.

Undalulu ruled for 6 12 years.

Urur ruled for 6 years.

Puzur-Nirah ruled for 20 years.

Icu-Il ruled for 24 years.

Cu-Suen Shu-Sin, the son of Icu-Il, ruled for 7 years.

6 kings; they ruled for 99 years.

Then Akcak was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

All told, six kings ruled for a total of 99 years before Akshak was defeated and its kingship carried off to Kish.

Table of the dynasty of Akcak

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The last period of the Half-Gods

In the Bible mentioned the Children of God.

The Third and Fourth Dynasty of Kic

About 2673 - 2461 BCE.

In Kic, Kug-Bau, also called Ku-Baba, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kic, became king; she ruled for 100 years.

After kingship was brought back to Kish again, Ku-Bau, the innkeeper, she who made firm the foundations of Kish, ruled for 100 years as ‘king’ before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Akshak.

1 king; ruled for 100 years.

In Kic, Puzur-Suen Puzur-Sin, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years.

Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 6 400 years.

131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau.

In the King list the dynasty of Ackak lies between the reign of Kug-Bau and her son Puzur-Suen but the list is clear that here is spoken of 1 dynasty.

Zimudar Simudarra ruled for 30 years.

Uni-watar Usiwatar, the son of Zimudar ruled for 7 years.

Ectar-muti Ishtar-muti ruled for 11 years.

Icme-Camac Ishme-Shamash ruled for 11 years.

Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years.

Nanniya Nannia, the jeweller, ruled for 7 years.

7 kings; they ruled for (4)91 years.

Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

All told, seven kings ruled 491 years before Kish was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk.

The counted difference of about 450 years by the second dynasty of Urim is here nearly equalized.

Table of the third and fourth dynasty of Kic

The Kings of the fourth (the last) dynasty of Kic were so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them and established a new empire called the Akkadian period.

The Third Dynasty of Unug

About 2486 - 2461 BCE.

In Unug,  Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 years.

1 king; ruled for 25 years.

Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Agade.

After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Lugalzaggesi ruled for 25 years before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Agade.

Table of the third dynasty of Unug

The Kings of the third (the last) dynasty of Unug were also so far degenerated from their ancestors, the Sons of Gods, that the Akkadians (Sargon I) could conquer them also, even as the Godly dynasties of Kic.

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The Akkadian period

The city is called Akkad in the Bible, hence the name of the empire and the language. Sargon established it as his capital. It was destroyed when the dynasty was overthrown and was never inhabited again. It’s location has never has been found. We do know that it was in the general vicinity of Babylon. Some scholars have speculated that it may even be under Babylon itself. Akkad’s tutelary deity was Ishtar.

The Dynasty of Agade (Akkad)

About 2461 - 2264 BCE.

SARGON OF AKKAD, ancient Mesopotamian ruler one of the earliest of the world’s great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam (western Iran). He established the region’s first Semitic dynasty and was considered the founder of the Mesopotamian military tradition. His Akkadian name, Sharrum-kin, means "the true or legitimate king,"

In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, (the third King of the fourth dynasty of Kic) became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade, he ruled for 56 years.

He United Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad)

Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 years together with his father Sargon.

He Conquers Elam and Marhashi (Central Iran).

Man-icticcu Manishtushu, the older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 years.

He Renovates the Temple of Ishtar Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled for 56 years. He Arrogates god-like status to himself.

Car-kali-carri Sharkalisharri, the son of Naram-Suen, ruled for 29 25 years.

157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon.

Akkadian kingship begins to weaken.

Then who was king? Who was the king?

Civil war for nearly 4 years

Irgigi was king.

Imi was king.

Nanűm was king.

Ilulu was king.

The 4 of them ruled for only 3 years.

Dudu ruled for 21 years.

Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 years.

12 kings; they ruled for 197 years.

Akkadian empire collapses

Then Agade was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

All told, eleven kings ruled a total of 197 years before Agade was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk.

Table of the dynasty of Agade

* This period of the dynasty was a period of anarchy. These four kings ruled a total of three years.

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The Fourth Dynasty of Unug

The first Hittite period

About 2264 - 2234 BCE.

In Unug, Ur-nijin Urnigin became king; he ruled for 7 years.

Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 years.

Kuda ruled for 6 years.

Puzur-ili ruled for 5 years.

Ur-Utu ruled for 6 years.

5 kings; they ruled for 30 years.

Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army Gutium.

All told, five kings ruled a total of 30 years before Uruk was smitten by the Gutium Hordes and its kingship carried off by them.

Table of the fourth dynasty of Unug

* In my opinion belonged the fourth dynasty of Unug also to the Hittite period because at the end of the King list is written that the Gutium period lasted for 125 years.

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The Dynasty of Gutium

The "second" Hittite period

About 2234 - 2139 BCE.

With the fall of Agade, a period of anarchy ensued. Barbarians took over whole parts of the realm and the city-states exerted their independence. The period between the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the rise of the Ur III Dynasty was one of anarchy, economic disruption and decline. The period also saw continual incursions by the Amorites, a Semitic people. Their incursions into Mesopotamia were largely peaceful at this time. During the Gutian’s rule, they appointed and removed Ensis almost at will. They seemed to favor Lagash, probably because they were compliant. As a result, Lagash became the dominant city, controlling at times Ur, Umma, and perhaps even Uruk.

In the army of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years.

Imta ruled 3 years.

Inkicuc Inkishush ruled for 6 years.

Zarlagab ruled for 6 years.

Culme Shulme ruled for 6 years.

Silulumec Elulumesh ruled for 6 years.

Inimabakec ruled for 5 years.

Igecauc Igeshaush ruled for 6 years.

Yarlagab ruled for 15 years.

Ibate ruled for 3 years.

Yarla ruled for 3 years.

Kurum ruled for 1 years.

Apil-kin ruled for 3 years.

La-erabum (?) Laerabum ruled for 2 years.

Irarum ruled for 2 years.

Ibranum ruled for 1 year.

Hablum ruled for 2 years.

Puzur-Suen, the son of Hablum, ruled for 7 years.

Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years.

The text on the Tablet is here partly unreadable.

...... ruled for 7 years. Tiriga (?) ruled for 40 days. 21 kings; they ruled for 124 years and 40 days. *

Then the army of Gutium was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug.

All told, twenty-one kings ruled 91 years and 40 days before the Gutium Hordes were defeated and kingship carried back to Uruk.

Table of the dynasty of Gutium

The Fifth Dynasty of Unug

About 2139 - 2112 BCE.

Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for (4)27 years, ...... days.

1 king; ruled for (4)27 years.

The real total years are not clearly readable but most likely it is 27 years.

Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

After kingship was brought back to Uruk, Utuhegal ruled 7 years, 6 months and 15 days before Uruk was defeated and its kingship carried off to Ur.

Table of the fifth dynasty of Unug

The Third Dynasty of Urim

About 2112 - 2004 BCE.

The Ur III State not only restored the Akkadian Empire, bring unification, but it also gave Mesopotamia a century of peace and prosperity. Their empire was the most "nation-state" of the Mesopotamian empires to date.

The Ur III Empire took the conscious decision to re-establish Sumerian as the official language, to promote its use and also to promote Sumerian culture. The kings of Ur became known more for their building projects than their prowess in battle. This period is sometimes called the Neo-Sumerian Empire.

Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for 18 years.

Culgi Shulgi, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 48 years.

He extends father’s empire to all of Assyria

Amar-Suena, the son of Culgi, ruled for 9 years.

Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 years

 Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 years.

The people of Cimacki and Elam, the destroyers, counted its worth as only thirty shekels.

5 kings; they ruled for 108 years.

Amorites weaken Sumerian power

Then Urim was defeated. The kingship was taken to Isin.

All told, five kings ruled for a total of 108 years before Ur was defeated and its kingship carried off to Isin.

Table of the third dynasty of Urim

With the fall of Ur, we see the end of the Sumerians as a political force.

For two hundred years after the fall of III Dynasty of Ur, the balance of power wavered between two cities. They were: Isin in central Mesopotamia, and Larsa in the south (not far from Uruk). These cities, which were heirs to the rival Sumerian city-states, were now in the hands of Amorite dynasties. Both sought control of the small neighboring Semitic kingdoms.

The Semites take over, but adopt Sumerian culture and worship Sumerian gods. With this period we have no central unified kingdom.

First Isin, and then Larsa, attempt to re-establish the glory of Ur III, but with limited success. The old city-state ideal was destroyed and replaced with a kingdom-state system. Enlil’s blessing had been needed for a city-state to dominate the other city-states. But in a nation- state atmosphere the "election" by Enlil was no longer needed in order to have domination over the cities.

Because of this Nippur gradually lost its importance and Enlil his royal prerogative. This paved the way for the eventual elevation of the Babylonian god Marduk to the head of the pantheon. The title "King of Kish" was also abandoned.

The Isin / Larsa Period is sometimes called the Late Period or the Isin Period and is also sometimes grouped in with the Old Babylonian Period.

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The Dynasty of Isin

Amorite Dynasty

About 2004 - 1801 BCE

The city was dedicated to the goddess Nininsina.

Isin became the most powerful city during the two centuries after the fall of Ur. The rulers of Isin were the most powerful because they ruled Isin, the new capital, Ur, the old capital, and Nippur, the spiritual center.

It claimed dominion over all of Sumer and Akkad, but in reality, the realm was comprised of small states. Even though they were Semites, the rulers of Isin considered themselves the true heirs of Ur and took their title of "King of Ur, King of Sumer and Akkad". Their official inscriptions were in Sumerian instead of Akkadian and they ordered the copying of all the great Sumerian literature.

Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 years.

Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 years.

Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-ilicu, ruled for 21 years.

Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for 20 years.

Lipit-Ectar, the son of Icme-Dagan ruled for 11 years.

Ur-Ninurta, the son of Ickur ruled for 28 years.

Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years.

Lipit-Enlil, the son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years.

Erra-imitti ruled for 8 years.

...... ruled for ...... 6 months.

Enlil-bani ruled for 24 years.

Zambiya ruled for 3 years.

Iter-pica ruled for 4 years.

Ur-dul-kuga ruled for 4 years.

Suen-magir ruled for 11 years.

Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years.

14 kings; they ruled for 203 years.

All told, fourteen kings who ruled a total of 203 years.

Table of the dynasty of Isin

The last Kings of the Isin dynasty were Vassals to the first Kings of Babylonia.

The definite end of the Sumerian / Akkadian empire.

A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic (Kish). A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 years, 6 months and 15 days, five times in Unug. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, three times in Urim (Ur).A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Hamazi.

16 lines missing

A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade.A total of 21 kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days, (once in the army of Gutium.A total of 11 kings ruled for 159 years, once in Isin. There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised.

A total of 134 kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 years.

End of the Sumerian King list

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Table of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties

Recapitulation of the dynasties of Sumer and Akkad

After the fall of the Sumerian / Acadian dynasties Babylon took over the power of Mesopotamia including the religion of the Ancients. From that time on the Historical ages came.

Historical times, it means that from this time on there are more written tablets preserved then earlier times, and also from this time on some Kings, Hammurabi, Ashurbanipal and others reconstructed and rewrote again the history of Mesopotamia in ancient times.

Conclusions of chapter 12

• ALL pre-diluvium cities are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood.

• The first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can’t be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah.

• The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE.

• Nippur, the city of the Gods, was a forbidden zone for Humans.

• The Kings of the Dynasties of Kic were Gods (Igigi).

• The Kings of the Dynasty of Unug were Half-Gods, children of Gods.

• Dumuzid the fisherman and En-men-barage-si lived at the same even as Aga and Gilgamesh.

• In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years.

• The story of Abraham was written or rewritten about 600 BCE because the writer calls Ur "Ur of the Chaldeans". The Chaldeans (612-539 BCE). Genesis was written or rewritten in this period and not during the time of Moses, who is mentioned as the writer of the Pentateuch.

• Scholars are still confused about the long lifetime of most of the Kings in the King lists.

In chapter 13 I’ll explain more details about the historical timeline of our history and we will see where the Gods came from.

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