Underground Bases and Tunnels

Afterword

Last Words On Underground Bases, Tunnels and Exotic Tunneling Machines

Based on the evidence in this book, it is absolutely certain that there are underground bases that have been secretly constructed in the United States in recent decades.

Who would be most likely to build bases of this kind? Any of the major agencies of the Pentagon would be capable of constructing deep underground facilities. Indeed, I have presented documentation generated by or pertaining to the Departments of the Army, Air Force and Navy and the Defense Nuclear Agency that indicate their interest, or direct involvement, in underground facilities. In my view it is likely that other Pentagon agencies and departments have similar interests, capabilities, and involvement.

Any reader of this book ought to come away with at least this one, basic understanding: the Pentagon is definitely heavily involved in and interested in underground facilities. There is no doubt about that.

A number of other non-military agencies are involved as well. The Department of Energy (DOE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the Colorado School of Mines, and the Federal Reserve are some of the known underground players.

And there are the Fortune 500 companies that have underground facilities. AT&T has a number of sophisticated underground centers. Northrop, Lockheed and McDonnell Douglas have hi-tech underground centers in California. Standard Oil at one time had a command post deep underground in New York state. There may be others operated by other companies.

Where secret tunnel systems and exotic tunneling machines are concerned the evidence is less conclusive. There are extensive Pentagon plans for a hundreds-ofmiles-long tunnel network, thousands of feet underground in the desert Southwest (or somewhere). There are even contracts with the Air Force's Ballistic Missile Office that indirectly indicate that this tunnel system, or perhaps part of it, may have been built.

But the evidence is fragmentary and circumstantial, and comes far from definitively proving that there is a secret military tunnel system. I have taken a wait-and-see attitude.

The documentation is interesting, but in the final analysis plans, contracts and documents are not the same thing as real tunnels.

So, absent hard proof, the information presented in this book merely demonstrates a very strong military interest in building, even the intent to build, a huge, deep underground tunnel system. Were the tunnels built? Or are they being built right now? The short answer is: I do not know. If you do know, send me documentation, and if it's convincing, I'll publish it.

And then there are the plans for the Department of Transportation's deep underground tunnel system in the Northeast, linking major metro areas between Washington, DC and Boston, Massachusetts. Have miners in "moon suits" been operating flame-jet tunnelers to make a tunnel system there, or elsewhere? Planning documents for such a project do exist.

But here again, as with the Pentagon plans, documents are one thing, and actual tunnels quite another. Of course, for your garden variety secret tunnel system there is a choice of tunneling machines. There is always the dependable, conventional, electrically powered, mechanical TBM. And there are lots of these digging away around the world, making all sorts of tunnels for subways, highways and water works. Then there are the plans for nuclear subterrenes, electron beam excavators, and flame-jet tunnelers.

Do these exotic tunneling machines exist? They might; they might not.

But if they do you can bet on one thing: they are being used covertly, in considerable secrecy, because I have examined thousands of pages of recent tunneling literature and there is no mention of their use anywhere. At the same time, I did uncover plans for these strange machines generated by the military-industrial complex.

So, I do not summarily dismiss the possibility that these machines may be in secret use. There the matter rests for now. Finally, there are out-of-this-world plans for "subselenean" or lunar tunnelers. In design these machines have many similarities to their earthly, nuclear subterrene or TBM counterparts. If I am at a loss to draw many firm conclusions about secret tunnels and exotic tunneling machines here on Earth, I am at even more of a loss when it comes to deciding about tunneling activity on the Moon.

There are rumors in some of the wilder corners of UFOlogy about a secret space program and covert, manned, lunar bases. Here again: I suppose anything is possible, but I have yet to see any kind of direct proof that this secret space program exists, or that there are secret bases on the Moon. Rumors are not the same thing as solid evidence, and researchers must be careful to remember that simple truth.

So there you have it.

This book constitutes just about as representative a treatment of the subject of underground bases and tunneling activity as is presently possible from reading information that is publicly available in a moderately good research library.

I have no contacts in the intelligence community; I have had no access to classified material. Almost all of the material in this book comes from the public record. Anyone who is willing to do methodical investigation in a good research library and dig hard can find much the same kind of information as that presented here.

Truth to tell, there is certainly interesting information yet to be discovered on all of these topics. To find that information, you have to creatively examine electronic databases, periodical and newspaper indexes, federal document and technical document indexes, patent indexes, card catalogues, and every other kind of index that you can think of. And then you track down the document and article citations that you find.

Serious research is tedious and time consuming.

But it can yield results if you stick with it.

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Footnotes

Chapter One
Lloyd A. Duscha, "Underground Facilities for Defense -Experience and Lessons," in Tunneling and Undergound Transport: Future Developments in Technology. Economics and Policy, ed. F.P. Davidson (New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., 1987), pp. 109-113.
Albert D. Parker, Planning and Estimating Underground Construction. (New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1970), pp. 140,142.
U.S. Dept. of Defense, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Literature Survey of Underground Construction Methods for Application to Hardened Facilities. Report No. CERL TR M-85/11 (April 1985), pp. 2, 7, 34 and 36.
Lt Col. J.A Goshorn, "Should We Go Underground," Armed Forces Chemical Journal 3 (July 1949), p. 25.
Duncan Campbell, "War Games," New Statesman & Society 2 (26 May 1989), p. 11.
"Underground Missile Plant To Be Built Near Redstone," Missiles and Rockets. 2 (May 1957), p. 43.
"Underground Factory in the Works?," Missiles and Rockets. 2 (Sep 1957), pp. 52-53.
"SAGE Goes Undergound Near Dobbins," Air Force Times. 20 (7 Nov 1959), p. 24.
Paul R. Nyquist, PE and Andre M. Ranford, PE, "Diesel Power for Command and Control Centers," Air Force Civil Engineer 5 (February 1964), p. 30.
U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Utilization of Nuclear Power Plants in Underground Installations. Engineer Manual No. EM 1110-345-950 (15 April 1963), pp. 1-2, 6 and 28-29.
Nyquist and Ranford, p. 33.

Chapter Two
J.J. O'Sullivan, ed., Protective Construction in a Nuclear Age. Vol. 1. Proceedings of the Second Protective Construction Symposium. 24-26 March. 1959 (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1961), pp. vi, 1-3. There is also a second volume, with the same editor and title.
S.M. Genensky and R.L Loofbourow, Geological Covering Materials for Deep Underground Installations. U.S. Air Force Project Rand Research Memorandum RM-2617. Research sponsored by the U.S. Air Force under contract AF 49(638)700, (Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corp., 4 August 1960), p. 4.
Ibid, pp. 20-30.
Ibid, pp. 33-37.
Ibid, various pages throughout the document. There appears to be a minor geographical error in this report It places the Vermilion Cliffs in Mohave County; however, the Vermilion Cliffs actually are in Coconino County, near the Kaibab National Forest.
David H. Morrissey, "Underground Depot to Replace Manzano Nuclear 231 Storage Site," Albuquerque Journal. 12 Sep 1989, pp. 1A and 3A.
Ibid; and John Fleck, "Bombs Away," Albuquerque Journal. 2 August 1992, pp. 1A and 6A.
Undated article, of uncertain origin, by Earl Zimmerman, entitled "LASL's Unusual Underground Lab," received from the Albuqerque Office of the Department of Energy, as an enclosure in a letter to the author.
EBE is an acronym used frequently in UFOlogy to refer to "Extraterrestrial Biological Entity". In plain English an EBE is an alien being, or an extraterrestrial being. The EBEs remored to be held at Los Alamos in the past were allegedly of the "Little Grey" type. I am unable to verify this allegation of EBEs being held at Los Alamos.
Harry V. Martin, various articles in an information packet obtained from the Napa Sentinel. ©1992. The Napa Sentinel is a weekly newspaper. Interested readers may contact the Sentinel at 925 Lincoln Ave., Napa, CA 94558 (707)2576272.
U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Army Corps of Engineers, Design of Underground Installations in Rock: General Planning Considerations. Manual No. EM 1110-345-431 (1 January 1961), Page 7. The one manual in this series which I do not quote from is entitled Design of Underground Installations in Rock: Penetration and Explosion Effects. Manual No. EM-1110345-434 (31 July 1961). It is also published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
_____ , Heating and Air Conditioning of Underground Installations. Manual No. EM 1110-345-450 (30 Nov. 1959), pp. 5-7, and 83-85.
_____ , Design of Underground Installations: Protective Features and Utilities. Manual No. EM 1110-345-435 (1 July 1961), pp. 5-6, 11-25, 62-74.
_____ , Design of Underground Installations in Rock: Space Layouts and Excavation Methods. Manual No. EM 1110-345-433 (1 April 1961), pp. 5, 8 and 9
U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Feasibility of Constructing Large Underground Cavities: Background. Site Selection, and Summary. Technical Report No. 3-648, Vol. 1, July 1964, Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA Order No. 260-62, Amendment No. 1, pp. vii-viii, 26 and 31. (The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, Mississippi contracted out the study to the Colorado School of Mines Research Foundation, in Golden, Colorado and to Jacobs Associates Construction Engineers of San Francisco, California.)
Ibid, p. 31.
_____ , Feasibility of Constructing Large Underground Cavities: Report On Cost and Constructabilitv. Technical Report No. 3-648, Vol. III, June 1964, Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA Order No. 260-62, Amendment No. 1, p. 21.
_____ , Feasibility of Constructing Large Underground Cavities: Background. Site Selection, and Summary. Vol. 1, pp. 35-66.
_____ , Feasibility of Constructing Large Underground Cavities: Report on Cost and Constructabilitv. Vol. III, various pages.
William M. Arkin and Richard W. Fieldhouse, Nuclear Battlefields: Global Links in the Arms Race. (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1985), p. 211.
21. R. Hibbard, L. Pietrzak and S. Rubens, Subsurface Deployment of Naval Facilities. Report sponsored by Naval Facilities Engineering Command, contract no. N00025-72-C-0009, Federal Document No. AD-762 838, and the following number of unknown significance CR-2-318, December 1972.
22. James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace: A Report on America's Most Secret Agency (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1982; reprint ed., NY, NY: Penguin Books, 1983), p.

Chapter Three
Steven Emerson, "America's Doomsday Project," U.S. News & World Report. 7 Aug 1989, pp. 26-31.
Douglas Heuck, '"Underground Pentagon' Quietly Awaits Armageddon," The Albuquerque Tribune. 25 November 1991, pp. ID and 2D; Richard H.P. Sia, "As Cold War Wanes, Pentagon's Pennsylvania Fortress Lifts Its Alert," The Baltimore Sun. 20 April 1992, p. 1A and 10A; and William M. Arkin, Joshua M. Handler, Julia A. Morrissey and Jacquelyn M. Walsh, Encyclopedia of the U.S. Military. (New York: Harper and Row, Ballinger Division, 1990) p. 63.
Ted Gup, 'The Doomsday Blueprints," Time (10 Aug 1992), p. 37.
John Guthrie, "Underground Command Posts," International Combat Arms. 5 (May 1987), p. 19.
Arkin and Fieldhouse, Nuclear Batdefields. p. 181; William R. Evinger, ed., Directory of Military Bases in the U.S.. (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1991), p. 33; and Arkin et al, Encyclopedia of the U.S. Military, pp. 482-483.
John M. Norvell, "The Rock'-NORAD COC," The Military Engineer. No. 367 (Sep-Oct 1963), pp. 309-311; and Guthrie, "Underground Command Posts," p. 19.
LB. Leonberger, "Under the Pre-Cambrian Shield," Airman. 14 (March 1970), pp. 11-12; K.G. Roberts, "Air Defence Goes Underground," The Roundel. 15 (Sep 1963), pp. 8-13; and "NORAD at North Bay: Underground Center a Joint Effort," Air Force Times. 29 (12 Feb 1969), p. 27.
Ted Gup, "Doomsday Hideaway," Time. 9 Dec 1991, pp. 26-29; and Richard P. Pollock, 'The Mysterious Mountain," The Progressive. March 1976, pp. 12-16.
Richard P. Pollock, 'The Mysterious Mountain, The Progressive. March 1976, pp. 12-16; and Ford Rowan, Technospies: The Secret Network That Spies on You -and You (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1978), pp. 25-43.
Ibid; and Arkin, Handler, Morissey and Walsh, Encyclopedia of the U.S. Military, pp. 177-179, 270-272.
U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on the Judiciary and Committee on Commerce, Surveillance Technology. Joint Hearings Before Subcommittees of the Senate Committees on the Judiciary and Commerce. 94th Cong., 1st Session, 1975, pp. 63-100.
Jack Anderson and Dale Van Atta, 'Top Secret Hide-Outs Also Mask Flaws," The Washington Post. 29 August 1991, 23B.
Arkin and Fieldhouse, Nuclear Batdefields. p. 210.
Ted Gup, 'The Ultimate Congressional Hideaway," The Washington Post Magazine. 31 May 1992, p. 15; and Rowan, Technospies. pp. 34-35.
Rowan, Technospies. p. 35.
Ted Gup, 'The Doomsday Blueprints," Time (10 August 1992), p. 38.
Arkin and Fieldhouse, Nuclear Battlefields, p. 193.
Ibid; and Arkin, Handler, Morissey and Walsh, Encyclopedia of the U.S. Military, p. 273.
Robert D. Hershey, Jr., "A Bunker Just For Lawmakers Who Now May Run For Cover," The New York Times. 31 May 1992, pp. 1 and 20; Tom Webb, 'The Last Resort," Albuquerque Journal. 30 May 1992, pp. 1A and 9A; and Ted Gup, "The Ultimate Congressional Hideaway," The Washington Post Magazine. 31 May 1992, pp. 10-15, 24-27.
20. Arkin, Handler, Morrisey and Walsh, Encyclopedia of the U.S. Military, p. 273.
Letter to the author, dated 2 March 1993, from William F.W. Jones, Deputy Associate Director, National Preparedness Directorate, Federal Emergency Management Agency.
H.R. Pratt and S.J. Green, A Geology Compendium of the Continental United States -With Application to Deep-Based Systems. Report prepared by Terra Tek, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah for the Defense Nuclear Agency. Federal Document No. DNA 3874F, 15 November 1975.
Oliver North, Under Fire: An American Story (New York: Harper Collins, 1991), pp. 164-166.
Tim Weiner, "Pentagon Book For Doomsday Is to Be Closed," New York Times. 18 April 1994.
"No Comment," The Progressive. 56 (August 1992), p. 11.

Chapter Four
1. "Logistics Goes Underground," Army Logistician. 6 (July-Aug 1974), pp. 32-33.
2. Ray Vicker, "Going Underground," The Wall Street Journal. 17 June 1981, p.56.
Bamford, Puzzle Palace, p. 133.
The information on the plans for Yucca Mountain, Nevada comes from DIALOG FILE 194, an electronic database that catalogues announcements that appear in the Commerce Business Daily. Commerce Business Daily is a list of federal contract announcements and bid solicitations published every working day by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The announcements referenced here were published on 10 May 1991; 10 Feb 1992; 11 Sep 1992; and 22 Oct 1992. Responses were solicited by: Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Co. Inc., Yucca Mountain Project, PO Box 98521, Mail Stop 408, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521.
Michael Martin Nieto, "Physics at the Proposed National Underground Science Facility," in Proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics. Granlibakken. Lake Tahoe. California. 22-27 June 1983. ed. P. Yager and J.F. Gunion, scientific secretary K. Sparks (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd., 1984), 1107-1119.
Ted Gup, "The Doomsday Blueprints," Time. 140 (10 August 1992), p. 38.
The material on the Northrop, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed facilities, and associated strange goings-on, can be found in articles in the Nov 1992 issue of HUFON REPORT: The Newsletter of the Houston UFO Network. Inc.. from PO Box 942, Bellaire, TX 77402 (713)850-1352.
Ray Vicker, "Going Underground," The Wall Street Journal. 17 June 1981, p.56.
Per author's personal conversation with former AT&T employee.
Research Program Plan for Meeting Tomorrow's Needs in Tunneling and Excavation: Final Report. Federal Document Nos. NSF-RA-T-74-087 or PB 242 777, Contract C-841. Study performed by Bechtel Corporation for the National Science Foundation, Research Applied to National Needs (RANN), March 1974, p. 53.
"Demand Forecast of Underground Construction and Mining in the United States," Subcommittee on Demand Forecasting, U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, Assembly of Engineering, National Research Council, Federal Document number NRC/AE/TT-81-1 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1981), p. 20.

Chapter Five
U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology Report for 1977. NTIS, PB-300 527; also might be found under Federal Technical Document No. NSF/RA-780668. As of 1983 the address of the committee was: U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418.
U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, Report for 1981 and 1982. U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1983).
W.G. Harris and H. Oman, "Chlorine as an Oxidizer for Fuel Cells and Its Containment," Boeing Aerospace Company report, in 19th Intersocietv Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Vol. 2. "Advanced Energy Systems --Their Role In Our Future." (San Francisco, CA: American Nuclear Society, 19-24 August 1984), pp. 810-814.
Design and Construction of Deep Underground Basing Facilities for Strategic Missiles. Vol. 1. Evaluation of Technical Issues. Report of a Workshop Conducted by the U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council, federal technical document no. NRC/CETS/TT-82-1 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1982). This report is 68 pages long and worth reading in its entirety. I have only culled out some highlights.
George B. Clark, Levent Ozdemir and Fun-Den Wang, Tunnel Boring Machine Technology for a Deeply Based Missile System. Volume II. State-of-the-Art Review. report prepared by Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, Federal Technical Document No. AFWL-TR-79-120, Vol. II, August 1980. Also, George B. Clark, Levent Ozdemir and Fun-Den Wang, Tunnel Boring Machine Technology for a Deeply Based Missile System. Volume I. Part 1. Application Feasibility. Report prepared by Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, Federal Technical Document No. AFWL-TR-79-120, Vol. 1, Part 1, August 1980.
Richard Halloran, "Air Force Seeks Missile Base Deep Underground for 1990s," The New York Times. 3 Oct 1984, pp. Al and A23.
"A Subterranean Air Force?" Asian Defence Journal. April 1985, p. 97.
John J. Cipar, Explosion-Induced Ground Motion Within a Deep Base. Report prepared for Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts 01731, Federal Technical Document No. AFGL-TR-85-0339. Environmental Research Papers No. 940, 8 Nov 1985.
"ICBM Deep Basing Construction Planning Study," paper presented by Patrick D. Lindsey of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, Nebraska, in 26th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics/Rapid City. SD. 26-28 June 1985, pp. 11891196.
U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology and U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, "Advances in Technology for the Construction of Deep-Underground Facilities," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 3 (1988), pp. 25-44.
Department of Defense News Release, 7 November 1985, vol. 85, no. 652, p. 135 2. This reference was accessed through DIALOG FILE 80. DIALOG is a computer data base.
12. Department of Defense News Release, 6 December 1985, vol. 85, no. 700, p. 1. Reference accessed through DIALOG FILE 80.
Department of Defense News Release, 24 April 1986, vol. 86, no. 180, p. 2. Reference accessed through DIALOG FILE 80.
Department of Defense News Release, 19 August 1987, vol. 87, no. 416, p. 3. Reference accessed through DIALOG FILE 80.
Department of Defense News Release, 29 July 1985, vol. 85, no. 450, p. 2. Reference accessed through DIALOG FILE 80.
Though this makes little sense, since both the French and the Japanese have high speed, inter-city rail systems, and in both cases the systems are almost completely on the surface. In neither case have the designers created an extensive, underground tunnel network as set forth in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) plans. Could the DOT plans really be for a secret tunnel system, published under the guise of an inter-city, mass transit project that actually never was intended for public use?
High Speed Ground Transportation Tunnel Design and Cost Data. Report prepared by HARZA Engineering Company, Chicago under subcontract W0356-SC, under prime contract C-353-66 (NEG), for the Office of High Speed Ground Transportation, United States Department of Transportation, Federal Document No. PB 178-201, (also carries following number of unknown significance on the title page: 06818-W454-R0-11), document dated March 1968.

Chapter Six
J. George Thon, "Tunnel-Boring Machines," in Tunnel Engineering Handbook, ed. John O. Bickel and T.R. Kuesel (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1982), pp. 235-278.
Ibid, pp. 244-247.
Underground Structures. Design and Construction, ed. R.S. Sinha (New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1991), 293-299.
Research Program Plan for Meeting Tomorrow's Needs in Tunneling and Excavation --Final Report. Report prepared by Bechtel Corporation for the National Science Foundation, Research Applied to National Needs (RANN), federal technical document no. NSF-RA-T-74-087, or Federal No. PB 242 777, March 1974, p. 224.
"Research and Development," Government Executive 3 (Jan 1971), pp. 22-23.
J. George Thon, 'Tunnel-Boring Machines," in Tunnel Engineering Handbook. pp. 275-276.
Feasibility of Flame-Jet Tunneling. Vol. I -Summary Report. Report by United Aircraft Research Laboratories, United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Connecticut, for U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of High Speed Ground Transportation, Federal Document No. G-910560-10, or PB-178198, May 1968.
Feasibility of Flame-Jet Tunneling. Vol. II -Systems Analysis and Experimental Investigations. Report by United Aircraft Research Laboratories and Browning Engineering Corp., for U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Office of High Speed Ground Transportation, Federal Document No. G-910560-10, or PB-178199, May 1968.
R.T. Avery, D. Keefe, T.L Brekke and I. Finnie, "Hard Rock Tunneling Using
Pulsed Electron Beams," in Accelerator Division Annual Reports. 1 July 1972 --31 December 1974. LBL-3835, UC-28 Particle Accelerators, TID-4500-R62, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, pp. 29-32.
US. Patent No. 3,693,731, 26 Sep 1972.
US. Patent No. 3,881,777, 6 May 1975.
US. Patent No. 3,885,832, 27 May 1975.
J.H. Altseimer, Systems and Cost Analysis for a Nuclear Subterrene Tunneling Machine: A Preliminary Study. Federal Technical Document No. LA-5354-MS, Informal Report UC-38, Sep 1973, p. 1.
John D. Bledsoe, J. Ernest Hill and Richard F. Coon, Cost Comparison Between Subterrene and Current Tunneling Methods. Appendix A, Baseline Cost Analyses, prepared for National Science Foundation, by A.A. Mathews, Inc., Rockville, MD, Federal Document No. NSF-RA-T-75-001A, also No. PB 244 482, May 1975. Also John D. Bledsoe, J. Ernest Hill and Richard F. Coon, Cost Comparison Between Subterrene and Current Tunneling Methods. Appendix B. Subterrene Cost Analyses, prepared for National Science Foundation, by AA Mathews, Inc., Rockville, MD, Federal Document No. NSF-RA-T-75-001B, PB 244 483, May 1975; and John D. Bledsoe, J. Ernest Hill and Richard F. Coon, Cost Comparison Between Subterrene and Current Tunneling Methods. Final Report. prepared for National Science Foundation, by AA Mathews, Inc., Rockville, MD, Federal Document No. NSF-RA-T-75-001, May 1975.
Joseph W. Neudecker, Jr., James D. Blacic and John C. Rowley, Subselene: A Nuclear Powered Melt Tunneling Concept for High-Speed Lunar Subsurface Transportation Tunnels, submitted to Symposium '86, Atlantic City, NJ, 22-24 Sep 1986, prepared by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Federal Document No. LA-UR-86-2897, December 1986.
Christopher S. Allen, David W. Cooper, David Davila Jr., Christopher S. Mahendra and Michael A. Tagaras, Proposal for a Lunar Tunnel-Boring Machine. report presented to Prof. Stan Lowy, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A8cM Univ., research funded by NASA/USRA Grant, 5 May 1988, pp. ii and 15.
Ibid, p. 49.
Bill Engblom, Eric Graham, Jeevan Perera, Alan Strahan and Ted Ro, Subselenean Tunneler Melting Head Design: A Preliminary Study, by Texas A&M Aerospace Engineering, College Station, TX 77840, Federal Technical Document No. N89-17058, or NASA-CR-184750, May 1988.

Chapter Seven
1. All information and illustrations cited or used in this article that pertain to the government program that monitors humans and animals are from the following document: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions. OTA-ISC-414 (Washington, DC:
U.S. Government Printing Office, October, 1989), pp. 65-80.

Chapter Eight
Texas Instruments, Inc. and the huge General Motors subsidiary, Hughes Aircraft Co., are two of the companies involved in this field. There are a number of others. 'Texas Instruments Enters Automatic Identification Market," Feedstuffs 63 (1 April 1991), p. 18; and "TI Sets Volume Transponder Production for IDs," Electronic News 38 (21 September 1992), p. 16.
A General Motors subsidiary, Hughes Aircraft Co., is co-assignee for one of the patents (United States Patent 5,211,129, dated 18 May 1993). Hughes Aircraft subsequently formed its own electronic identification company, known as Hughes ID. "Hughes Enters ID Market," Microwaves & RF 31 (January 1992), p. 21.
United States Patent 5,211,129, granted 18 May 1993.
United States Patent 5,250,026 granted 5 October 1993.
United States Patents: 4,730,188 granted 8 March 1988; 5,041,826 granted 20 August 1991; and 5,166,676 granted 24 November 1992.
United States Patent 5,041,826, granted 20 August 1991.
I do not claim to know the ultimate reason(s) for the abductions. Given the bizarre nature of the phenomenon, though, I am prepared to believe that the underlying motivations may appear, in the ordinary perceptual framework of humanity, to be highly strange.
The fact that young children and older people who may be infertile are also abducted need not invalidate this hypothesis. Children with desirable traits may be targeted early on, perhaps because of a genetic heritage that is of interest to the abductors. And whether young or old, it may be that other bodily tissues, all of which contain the genetic material (DNA) of the abductee, can be used in place of sperm or ova.
I have no proof that there are functional, artificial wombs for human fetuses. For the sake of the hypothesis I am postulating that they may exist. But even if they don't, contemporary medical technology still admits both of artificial insemination using donor sperm and in vitro fertilization.
I am reminded of Charles Fort, who questioned whether this planet and the human race might not be someone's "property."
The metaphor of the hall of mirrors, and the idea that very human terrestrials (including the military), operating behind an intricate, technologically sophisticated web of deception and disinformation, may well be at work in the UFO/abduction phenomenon are mentioned in Jacques Vallee's excellent book Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception (New York: Ballantine Books, 1991). Martin Cannon, of Prevailing Winds Research has also advanced the idea of covert, human involvement in the abduction and implantation phenomena. More recently, Leah Haley has written of her experiences with joint military and "alien" abductions. Finally, I would ask readers to please note that my objective with the whole abduction/implant phenomenon is simply to present relevant facts, present a possible hypothesis that may shed some light on the subject, and thereby to stimulate a more informed discussion.

Chapter Nine
1. "Laser Medical Pac," Fact Sheet, Office of Public Affairs, Phillips Laboratory (505)-846-1911, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776, January 1994.

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