Comments Prepared for Delivery
		Public Citizen 40th Gala
		Washington, DC
		October20, 2011
 
		
		I am honored to share this occasion with 
		you. 
		 
		
		No one beyond your collegial inner circle 
		appreciates more than I do what you have stood for over these 40 years, 
		or is more aware of the battles you have fought, the victories you have 
		won, and the passion for democracy that still courses through your 
		veins. 
		 
		
		The great progressive of a century ago, 
		Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin - a Republican, by the way - believed 
		that “Democracy is a life; and involves constant struggle.” Democracy 
		has been your life for four decades now, and would have been even more 
		imperiled today if you had not stayed the course. 
		
		I began my public journalism the same year you began your public 
		advocacy, in 1971. 
		 
		
		Our paths often paralleled and sometimes 
		crossed. Over these 40 years journalism for me has been a continuing 
		course in adult education, and I came early on to consider the work you 
		do as part of the curriculum - an open seminar on how government works - 
		and for whom. 
		 
		
		Your muckraking investigations - into money 
		and politics, corporate behavior, lobbying, regulatory oversight, public 
		health and safety, openness in government, and consumer protection, 
		among others - are models of accuracy and integrity. They drive home to 
		journalists that while it is important to cover the news, it is more 
		important to uncover the news. 
		 
		
		As one of my mentors said, 
		
			
			“News is what people want to keep 
			hidden; everything else is publicity.” 
		
		
		And when a student asked the journalist and 
		historian Richard Reeves for his definition of “real news”, he 
		answered:
		
			
			“The news you and I need to keep our 
			freedoms.” 
		
		
		You keep reminding us how crucial that news 
		is to democracy. And when the watchdogs of the press have fallen silent, 
		your vigilant growls have told us something’s up.
		
		So I’m here as both citizen and journalist to thank you for all you have 
		done, to salute you for keeping the faith, and to implore you to fight 
		on during the crisis of hope that now grips our country.
		 
		
		The great American experience in creating a 
		different future together - this “voluntary union for the common good” - 
		has been flummoxed by a growing sense of political impotence - what the 
		historian Lawrence Goodwyn has described as a mass resignation of 
		people who believe “the dogma of democracy” on a superficial public 
		level but who no longer believe it privately. 
		 
		
		There has been, he says, a decline in what 
		people think they have a political right to aspire to - a decline of 
		individual self-respect on the part of millions of Americans.
		
		You can understand why. 
		 
		
		We hold elections, knowing they are unlikely 
		to produce the policies favored by the majority of Americans. We speak, 
		we write, we advocate - and those in power turn deaf ears and blind eyes 
		to our deepest aspirations. We petition, plead, and even pray - yet the 
		earth that is our commons, which should be passed on in good condition 
		to coming generations, continues to be despoiled. 
		 
		
		We invoke the strain in our national DNA 
		that attests to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” as the 
		produce of political equality - yet private wealth multiplies as public 
		goods are beggared. And the property qualifications for federal office 
		that the framers of the Constitution expressly feared as an unseemly 
		“veneration for wealth” are now openly in force; the common denominator 
		of public office, even for our judges, is a common deference to cash.
		
		So if belief in the “the dogma of democracy” seems only skin deep, there 
		are reasons for it. 
		 
		
		During the prairie revolt that swept the 
		Great Plains a century after the Constitution was ratified, the populist 
		orator Mary Elizabeth Lease exclaimed: 
		
			
			“Wall Street owns the country… Our laws 
			are the output of a system which clothes rascals in robes and 
			honesty in rags. The [political] parties lie to us and the political 
			speakers mislead us… Money rules.”
		
		
		That was 1890. Those agrarian populists 
		boiled over with anger that corporations, banks, and government were 
		ganging up to deprive every day people of their livelihood.
		
		She should see us now.
		
		John Boehner calls on the bankers, holds out his cup, and offers 
		them total obeisance from the House majority if only they fill it.
		
		That’s now the norm, and they get away with it. GOP once again means 
		Guardians of Privilege. 
		
		
		Barack Obama criticizes bankers as “fat cats”, then 
		invites them to dine at a pricey New York restaurant where the tasting 
		menu runs to $195 a person. 
		
		That’s now the norm, and they get away with it. The President has raised 
		more money from banks, hedge funds, and private equity managers than any 
		Republican candidate, including Mitt Romney. Inch by inch he has 
		conceded ground to them while espousing populist rhetoric that his very 
		actions betray.
		
		Let’s name this for what it is: hypocrisy made worse, the further 
		perversion of democracy.
		
		
		Democratic deviancy defined further downward. Our politicians are little 
		more than money launderers in the trafficking of power and policy - 
		fewer than six degrees of separation from the spirit and tactics of Tony 
		Soprano.
		
		Why New York’s Zuccotti Park is filled with people is no mystery. 
		Reporters keep scratching their heads and asking:
		
			
			“Why are you here?” 
		
		
		But it’s clear they are occupying Wall 
		Street because Wall Street has occupied the country. And that’s why 
		in public places across the country workaday Americans are standing up 
		in solidarity.
		 
		
		Did you see the sign a woman was carrying at 
		a fraternal march in Iowa the other day? 
		 
		
		It read: 
		
			
			“I can’t afford to buy a politician so I 
			bought this sign.”
		
		
		We know what all this money buys. 
		
		 
		
		Americans have learned the hard way that 
		when rich organizations and wealthy individuals shower Washington with 
		millions in campaign contributions, they get what they want. 
		 
		
		They know that if you don’t contribute to 
		their campaigns or spend generously on lobbying,
		
			
			…you pick up a disproportionate share of 
			America’s tax bill. You pay higher prices for a broad range of 
			products from peanuts to prescriptions. You pay taxes that others in 
			a similar situation have been excused from paying. You’re compelled 
			to abide by laws while others are granted immunity from them. 
			
			 
			
			You must pay debts that you incur while 
			others do not. You’re barred from writing off on your tax returns 
			some of the money spent on necessities while others deduct the cost 
			of their entertainment. You must run your business by one set of 
			rules, while the government creates another set for your 
			competitors… 
			 
			
			In contrast the fortunate few who 
			contribute to the right politicians and hire the right lobbyists 
			enjoy all the benefits of their special status. Make a bad business 
			deal; the government bails them out. If they want to hire workers at 
			below market wages, the government provides the means to do so.
			 
			
			If they want more time to pay their 
			debts, the government gives them an extension. If they want immunity 
			from certain laws, the government gives it. If they want to ignore 
			rules their competition must comply with, the government gives it 
			approval.
			 
			
			If they want to kill legislation that is 
			intended for the public, it gets killed.
		
		
		I didn’t crib that litany from Public 
		Citizen’s muckraking investigations over the years, although I could 
		have. Nor did I lift it from Das Kapital by Karl Marx or Mao Tse-tung’s 
		Little Red Book. 
		 
		
		No, I was literally quoting Time Magazine, 
		long a tribune of America’s establishment media. From the bosom of 
		mainstream media comes the bald, spare, and damning conclusion: 
		
		
			
			We now have “government for the few at 
			the expense of the many.”
		
		
		But let me call another witness from the 
		pro-business and capitalist- friendly press. In the middle of the last 
		decade - four years before the Great Collapse of 2008 - the editors of 
		The Economist warned:
		
			
			A growing body of evidence suggests that 
			the meritocratic ideal is in trouble in America. Income inequality 
			is growing to levels not seen since the (first) Gilded Age. But 
			social mobility is not increasing at anything like the same pace…
			 
			
			Everywhere you look in modern America - 
			in the Hollywood Hills or the canyons of Wall Street, in the 
			Nashville recording studios or the clapboard houses of Cambridge, 
			Massachusetts - you see elites mastering the art of perpetuating 
			themselves. 
			 
			
			America is increasingly looking like 
			imperial Britain, with dynastic ties proliferating, social circles 
			interlocking, mechanisms of social exclusion strengthening, and a 
			gap widening between the people who make decisions and shape the 
			culture and the vast majority of working stiffs.
		
		
		Hear the editors of The Economist: “The 
		United States is on its way to becoming a European-style class-based 
		society.” 
		
		Can you imagine what would happen if I had said that on PBS? Mitch 
		McConnell and John Boehner would put Elmo and Big Bird under house 
		arrest. Come to think of it, I did say it on PBS back when Karl Rove was 
		president, and there was indeed hell to pay. 
		 
		
		You would have thought Che Guevara had run 
		his motorcycle across the White House lawn. But I wasn’t quoting from a 
		radical or even liberal manifesto. I was quoting - to repeat - one of 
		the business world’s most respected journals. 
		 
		
		It is the editors of the The Economist who 
		are warning us that,
		
			
			“The United States is on its way to 
			becoming a European-style class-based society.”
		
		
		And that was well before our financiers, 
		drunk with greed and high on the illusions and conceits of laissez faire 
		(“leave us alone”) fundamentalism, and humored by rented politicians who 
		do their bidding, brought America to the edge of the abyss and our 
		middle class to its knees.
		
		How could it be? How could this happen in the country whose framers 
		spoke of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” in the same 
		breath as political equality? 
		 
		
		Democracy wasn’t meant to produce a 
		class-ridden society. When that son of French aristocracy Alexander de 
		Tocqueville traveled through the bustling young America of the 1830s, 
		nothing struck him with greater force than “the equality of conditions.”
		
		 
		
		Tocqueville knew first-hand the vast 
		divisions between the wealth and poverty of Europe, where kings and 
		feudal lords took what they wanted and left peasants the crumbs. 
		
		 
		
		But Americans, he wrote, 
		
			
			“seemed to be remarkably equal 
			economically.” 
			 
			
			“Some were richer, some were poorer, but 
			within a comparative narrow band. Moreover, individuals had 
			opportunities to better their economic circumstances over the course 
			of a lifetime, and just about everyone [except of course slaves and 
			Indians] seemed to be striving for that goal.” 
		
		
		Tocqueville looked closely, and said: 
		
		
			
			“I easily perceive the enormous 
			influence that this primary fact exercises on the workings of the 
			society.” 
		
		
		And so it does. Evidence abounds that large 
		inequalities undermine community life, reduces trust among citizens, and 
		increases violence.
		 
		
		In one major study from data collected over 
		30 years [by the epidemiologists Richard Wilkinson and Kate 
		Pickett in their book:
		
		The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes 
		Societies Stronger] the most consistent predictor of mental 
		illness, infant mortality, educational achievements, teenage births, 
		homicides, and incarceration, is economic inequality. 
		 
		
		And as Nobel Laureate Kenneth Arrow 
		has written,
		
			
			“Vast inequalities of income weakens a 
			society’s sense of mutual concern…The sense that we are all members 
			of the social order is vital to the meaning of civilization.” 
			
		
		
		The historian Gordon Wood won the Pulitzer 
		Prize for his book on The Radicalism of the American Revolution: 
		
		
			
			If you haven’t read it, now’s the time. 
			Wood says that our nation discovered its greatness“ by creating a 
			prosperous free society belonging to obscure people with their 
			workaday concerns and their pecuniary pursuits of happiness.” This 
			democracy, he said, changed the lives “of hitherto neglected and 
			despised masses of common laboring people.” 
		
		
		Those words moved me when I read them.
		
		 
		
		They moved me because Henry and Ruby Moyers 
		were “common laboring people.” 
		 
		
		My father dropped out of the fourth grade 
		and never returned to school because his family needed him to pick 
		cotton to help make ends meet. Mother managed to finish the eighth grade 
		before she followed him into the fields. They were tenant farmers when 
		the Great Depression knocked them down and almost out. 
		 
		
		The year I was born my father was making $2 
		a day working on the highway to Oklahoma City. 
		 
		
		He never took home more than $100 a week in 
		his working life, and made that only when he joined the union in the 
		last job he held. I was one of the poorest white kids in town, but in 
		many respects I was the equal of my friend who was the daughter of the 
		richest man in town. I went to good public schools, had use of a good 
		public library, played sand-lot baseball in a good public park, and 
		traveled far on good public roads with good public facilities to a good 
		public university. 
		 
		
		Because these public goods were there for 
		us, I never thought of myself as poor. 
		 
		
		When I began to piece the story together 
		years later, I came to realize that people like the Moyers had been 
		included in the American deal: 
		
			
			“We, the People” included us. 
			
		
		
		It’s heartbreaking to see what has become of 
		that bargain. These days it’s every man for himself; may be the richest 
		and most ruthless predators win! 
		
		How did this happen? 
		
		You know the story, because it begins the very same year that you began 
		your public advocacy and I began my public journalism. 1971 was a 
		seminal year.
		
		On March 29 of that year, Ralph Nader bought ads in 13 publications and 
		sent out letters asking people if they would invest their talents, 
		skills, and yes, their lives, in working for the public interest. 
		
		 
		
		The seed sprouted swiftly that spring:
		
		
			
			By the end of May over 60,000 Americans 
			responded, and Public Citizen was born.
		
		
		But something else was also happening.
		 
		
		Five months later, on August 23, 1971, a 
		corporate lawyer named Lewis Powell - a board member of the 
		death-dealing tobacco giant Philip Morris and a future Justice of the 
		United States Supreme Court - sent a confidential memorandum to his 
		friends at the U. S. Chamber of Commerce. We look back on it now as a 
		call to arms for class war waged from the top down. 
		
		Let’s recall the context: Big Business was being forced to clean up its 
		act. It was bad enough to corporate interests that Franklin Roosevelt’s 
		New Deal had sustained its momentum through Harry Truman, Dwight 
		Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. 
		 
		
		Suddenly this young lawyer named Ralph 
		Nader arrived on the scene, arousing consumers with articles, 
		speeches, and above all, an expose of the automobile industry, Unsafe at 
		Any Speed. Young activists flocked to work with him on health, 
		environmental, and economic concerns. Congress was moved to act. 
		
		 
		
		Even Republicans signed on. In l970 
		President Richard Nixon put his signature on the National Environmental 
		Policy Act and named a White House Council to promote environmental 
		quality. A few months later millions of Americans turned out for Earth 
		Day. Nixon then agreed to the creation of the Environmental 
		Protection Agency. Congress acted swiftly to pass tough new 
		amendments to the Clean Air Act and
		
		the EPA announced the first air 
		pollution standards. 
		 
		
		There were new regulations directed at lead 
		paint and pesticides. Corporations were no longer getting away with 
		murder.
		
		And Lewis Powell was shocked - shocked! - at what he called,
		
			
			“an attack on the American free 
			enterprise system.” 
		
		
		Not just from a few “extremists of the 
		left,” he said, but also from “perfectly respectable elements of 
		society,” including the media, politicians, and leading intellectuals. 
		Fight back, and fight back hard, he urged his compatriots. 
		 
		
		Build a movement. Set speakers loose across 
		the country. Take on prominent institutions of public opinion - 
		especially the universities, the media, and the courts. Keep television 
		programs under “constant surveillance.” 
		 
		
		And above all, recognize that political 
		power must be,
		
			
			“assiduously (sic) cultivated; and that 
			when necessary, it must be used aggressively and with determination” 
			and “without embarrassment.” 
		
		
		Powell imagined the U.S. Chamber of Commerce 
		as a council of war. 
		 
		
		Since business executives had “little 
		stomach for hard-nose contest with their critics” and “little skill in 
		effective intellectual and philosophical debate,” they should create new 
		think tanks, legal foundations, and front groups of every stripe.
		 
		
		It would take years, but these groups could, 
		he said, be aligned into a united front (that) would only come about 
		through,
		
			
			“careful long-range planning and 
			implementation, in consistency of action over an indefinite period 
			of years, in the scale of financing available only through joint 
			effort, and in the political power available only through united 
			action and united organizations.”
		
		
		You have to admit it was a brilliant 
		strategy. 
		 
		
		Although Powell may not have seen it at the 
		time, he was pointing America toward plutocracy, where political power 
		is derived from the wealthy and controlled by the wealthy to protect 
		their wealth. As the only countervailing power to private greed and 
		power, democracy could no longer be tolerated.
		
		While Nader’s recruitment of citizens to champion democracy was open for 
		all to see - depended, in fact, on public participation - Powell’s memo 
		was for certain eyes only, those with the means and will to answer his 
		call to arms. The public wouldn’t learn of the memo until after Nixon 
		appointed Powell to the Supreme Court and the enterprising reporter 
		Jack Anderson obtained a copy, writing that it may have been the 
		reason for Powell’s appointment. 
		
		By then his document had circulated widely in corporate suites. Within 
		two years the board of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce formed a task force 
		of 40 business executives - from U.S. Steel, GE, GM, Phillips Petroleum, 
		3M, Amway, and ABC and CBS (two media companies, we should note). 
		
		 
		
		Their assignment was to coordinate the 
		crusade, put Powell’s recommendations into effect, and push the 
		corporate agenda. Powell had set in motion a revolt of the rich.
		 
		
		As the historian Kim Phillips-Fein 
		subsequently wrote, 
		
			
			“Many who read the memo cited it 
			afterward as inspiration for their political choices.” 
		
		
		Those choices came soon. 
		 
		
		The National Association of Manufacturers 
		announced it was moving its main offices from New York to Washington.
		 
		
		In 1971, only 175 firms had registered 
		lobbyists in the capital; by 1982, nearly twenty-five hundred did. 
		Corporate PACs increased from under 300 in 1976 to over twelve hundred 
		by the middle of the l980s. 
		 
		
		From Powell’s impetus came the Business 
		Roundtable, the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), the 
		Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, the Manhattan Institute, 
		Citizens for a Sound Economy (precursor to what we now know as Americans 
		for Prosperity) and other organizations united in pushing back against 
		political equality and shared prosperity.* 
		 
		 
		
		* Thanks to Charlie Cray for a 
		succinct analysis of the Powell memo and to Jim Hoggan for
		
		calling attention to it more recently.
		
		 
		 
		
		They triggered an economic transformation 
		that would in time touch every aspect of our lives.
		
		Powell’s memo was delivered to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce at its 
		headquarters across from the White House on land that was formerly the 
		home of Daniel Webster. That couldn’t have been more appropriate. 
		History was coming full circle at 1615 H Street. Webster is remembered 
		largely as the most eloquent orator in America during his years as 
		Senator from Massachusetts and Secretary of State under three presidents 
		in the years leading up to the Civil War. 
		 
		
		He was also the leading spokesman for 
		banking and industry nabobs who funded his extravagant tastes in wine, 
		boats, and mistresses. 
		 
		
		Some of them came to his relief when he 
		couldn’t cover his debts wholly from bribes or the sale of diplomatic 
		posts for personal gain. Webster apparently regarded the merchants and 
		bankers of Boston’s State Street Corporation - one of the country’s 
		first financial holding companies - very much as 
		
		George W. Bush regarded the high 
		rollers he called “my base.” 
		 
		
		The great orator even sent a famous letter 
		to financiers requesting retainers from them that he might better serve 
		them. 
		 
		
		The historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. 
		wondered how the American people could follow Webster,
		
			
			“through hell or high water when he 
			would not lead unless someone made up a purse for him.”
		
		
		No wonder the U.S. Chamber of Commerce feels 
		right as home with the landmark designation of its headquarters. 
		
		 
		
		1615 H Street now masterminds the laundering 
		of multi-millions of dollars raised from captains of industry and 
		private wealth to finance - secretly - the political mercenaries who 
		fight the class war in their behalf. 
		
		Even as the Chamber was doubling its membership and tripling its budget 
		in response to Lewis Powell’s manifesto, the coalition got another 
		powerful jolt of adrenalin from the wealthy right-winger who had served 
		as Nixon’s secretary of the treasury, William Simon. 
		 
		
		His polemic entitled A Time for Truth argued 
		that “funds generated by business” must “rush by multimillions” into 
		conservative causes to uproot the institutions and “the heretical 
		strategy” [his term] of the New Deal. 
		 
		
		He called on “men of action in the 
		capitalist world” to mount “a veritable crusade” against progressive 
		America. 
		 
		
		Business Week magazine somberly explained 
		that,
		
			
			“…it will be a bitter pill for many 
			Americans to swallow the idea of doing with less so that big 
			business can have more.” 
		
		
		I’m not making this up.
		
		And so it came to pass; came to pass despite your heroic efforts and 
		those of other kindred citizens; came to pass because those “men of 
		action in the capitalist world” were not content with their wealth just 
		to buy more homes, more cars, more planes, more vacations and more 
		gizmos than anyone else. 
		 
		
		They were determined to buy more democracy 
		than anyone else. And they succeeded beyond their own expectations. 
		After their 40-year “veritable crusade” against our institutions, laws 
		and regulations - against the ideas, norms and beliefs that helped to 
		create America’s iconic middle class - the Gilded Age is back with a 
		vengeance. 
		
		You know these things, of course, because you’ve been up against that 
		“veritable crusade” all these years. But if you want to see the story 
		pulled together in one compelling narrative, read this - perhaps the 
		best book on politics of the last two years: Winner Take All Politics: 
		How Washington Made the Rich Richer and Turned Its Back on the Middle 
		Class. 
		 
		
		Two accomplished political scientists wrote 
		it - Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson - the Sherlock 
		Holmes and Dr. Watson of political science, who wanted to know how 
		America had turned into a society starkly divided into winners and 
		losers.
		
			
				- 
				
				mystified by what happened to the 
				notion of “shared prosperity” that marked the years after World 
				War II
 
 
- 
				
				puzzled that over the last 
				generation more and more wealth has gone to the rich and 
				superrich, while middle-class and working people are left barely 
				hanging on
 
 
- 
				
				vexed that hedge-fund managers 
				pulling down billions can pay a lower tax rate than their 
				pedicurists, manicurists, cleaning ladies and chauffeurs
 
 
- 
				
				curious as to why politicians keep 
				slashing taxes on the very rich even as they grow richer, and 
				how corporations keep being handed huge tax breaks and subsidies 
				even as they fire hundreds of thousands of workers
 
 
- 
				
				troubled that the heart of the 
				American Dream - upward mobility - seems to have stopped beating
 
 
- 
				
				astounded that the United States now 
				leads in the competition for the gold medal for inequality
 
 
- 
				
				dumbfounded that all this could 
				happen in a democracy whose politicians are supposed to serve 
				the greatest good for the greatest number, and must regularly 
				face the judgment of citizens at the polls if they haven’t done 
				so 
		
		Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson wanted to find 
		out,
		
			
			“how our economy stopped working to 
			provide prosperity and security for the broad middle class.” 
			
		
		
		They wanted to know: 
		
			
			“Who dunnit?”
		
		
		They found the culprit: 
		
			
			“It’s the politics, stupid!” 
		
		
		Tracing the clues back to that “unseen 
		revolution” of the 1970s - the revolt triggered by Lewis Powell, fired 
		up by William Simon, and fueled by rich corporations and wealthy 
		individuals - they found that,
		
			
			"Step by step and debate by debate 
			America’s public officials have rewritten the rules of American 
			politics and the American economy in ways that have benefitted the 
			few at the expense of the many.”
		
		
		There you have it: they bought off the 
		gatekeepers, got inside, and gamed the system. 
		 
		
		And when the fix was in, they let loose the 
		animal spirits, turning our economy into a feast for predators. 
		
		 
		
		And they won - as the rich and powerful got 
		richer and more powerful - they not only bought the government, they,
		
			
			“saddled Americans with greater debt, 
			tore new holes in the safety net, and imposed broad financial risks 
			on workers, investors, and taxpayers.”
		
		
		Until - write Hacker and Pierson,
		
			
			 “The United States is looking more 
			and more like the capitalist oligarchies of Brazil, Mexico, and 
			Russia where most of the wealth is concentrated at the top while the 
			bottom grows larger and larger with everyone in between just barely 
			getting by.”
		
		
		The revolt of the plutocrats has now been 
		ratified by the Supreme Court in its notorious Citizens United decision 
		last year. 
		 
		
		Rarely have so few imposed such damage on so 
		many. When five pro-corporate conservative justices gave “artificial 
		entities” the same rights of “free speech” as living, breathing human 
		beings, they told our corporate sovereigns “the sky’s the limit” when it 
		comes to their pouring money into political campaigns. 
		 
		
		The Roberts Court embodies the legacy of 
		pro-corporate bias in justices determined to prevent democracy from 
		acting as a brake on excessive greed and power in the private sector. 
		Wealth acquired under capitalism is in and of itself no enemy of 
		democracy, but wealth armed with political power - power to shake off 
		opportunities for others to rise - is a proven danger. 
		 
		
		Thomas Jefferson had hoped that,
		
			
			“we shall crush in its birth the 
			aristocracy of our moneyed corporations which dare already to 
			challenge our government to a trial of strength and [to] bid 
			defiance to the laws of our country.” 
		
		
		James Madison feared that the,
		
			
			“spirit of speculation” would lead to “a 
			government operating by corrupt influence, substituting the motive 
			of private interest in place of public duty.” 
		
		
		Jefferson and Madison didn’t live to see 
		reactionary justices fulfill their worst fears.
		 
		
		In 1886 a conservative court conferred the 
		divine gift of life on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Never mind that 
		the Fourteenth Amendment declaring that no person should be deprived of 
		“life, liberty or property without due process of law” was enacted to 
		protect the rights of freed slaves. The Court decided to give the same 
		rights of “personhood” to corporations that possessed neither a body to 
		be kicked nor a soul to be damned. 
		 
		
		For over half a century the Court acted to 
		protect the privileged. It gutted the
		
		Sherman Antitrust Act by finding a 
		loophole for a sugar trust.
		 
		
		It killed a New York state law limiting 
		working hours. Likewise a ban against child labor. It wiped out a law 
		that set minimum wages for women. 
		 
		
		And so on: 
		
			
			"one decision after another aimed at 
			laws promoting the general welfare.” 
		
		
		
		
		The Roberts Court has picked up the 
		mantle: Moneyed interests first, the public interest second, if at all.
		
		The ink was hardly dry on the Citizens United decision when the U.S. 
		Chamber of Commerce organized a covertly funded front and rained drones 
		packed with cash into the 2010 campaigns. According to the Sunlight 
		Foundation, corporate front groups spent $126 million in the fall of 
		2010 while hiding the identities of the donors. 
		 
		
		Another corporate cover group - the American 
		Action Network - spent over $26 million of undisclosed corporate money 
		in just six Senate races and 26 House elections. 
		 
		
		And Karl Rove’s groups - American 
		Crossroads/Crossroads GPS - seized on Citizens United to raise and spend 
		at least $38 million that NBC News said came from “a small circle of 
		extremely wealthy Wall Street hedge fund and private equity moguls” - 
		all determined to water down financial reforms designed to prevent 
		another collapse of the financial system. 
		 
		
		Jim Hightower has said it well: 
		Today’s proponents of corporate plutocracy,
		
			
			“have simply elevated money itself above 
			votes, establishing cold, hard cash as the real coin of political 
			power.” 
		
		
		No wonder so many Americans have felt that 
		sense of political impotence that the historian Lawrence Goodwyn 
		described as “the mass resignation” of people who believe in the “dogma 
		of democracy” on a superficial public level but whose hearts no longer 
		burn with the conviction that they are part of the deal. 
		 
		
		Against such odds, discouragement comes 
		easily. 
		
		But if the generations before us had given up, slaves would still be 
		waiting on these tables, on Election Day women would still be turned 
		away from the voting booths, and workers would still be committing a 
		crime if they organized.
		
		So once again: Take heart from the past and don’t ever count the people 
		out. During the last quarter of the 19th century, the industrial 
		revolution created extraordinary wealth at the top and excruciating 
		misery at the bottom. Embattled citizens rose up.
		 
		
		Into their hearts, wrote the progressive 
		Kansas journalist William Allen White, 
		
			
			“had come a sense that their 
			civilization needed recasting, that their government had fallen into 
			the hands of self-seekers, that a new relation should be established 
			between the haves and have-nots.” 
		
		
		Not content to wring their hands and cry 
		“Woe is us” everyday citizens researched the issues, organized to 
		educate their neighbors, held rallies, made speeches, petitioned and 
		canvassed, marched and marched again. 
		 
		
		They ploughed the fields and planted the 
		seeds - sometimes in bloody soil - that twentieth century leaders used 
		to restore “the general welfare” as a pillar of American democracy. They 
		laid down the now-endangered markers of a civilized society: legally 
		ordained minimum wages, child labor laws, workmen’s safety and 
		compensation laws, pure foods and safe drugs, Social Security, Medicare, 
		and rules that promote competitive markets over monopolies and cartels.
		
		 
		
		Remember: Democracy doesn’t begin at the 
		top; it begins at the bottom, when flesh-and-blood human beings 
		fight to rekindle the patriot’s dream. 
		
		The Patriot’s Dream? 
		
		Arlo Guthrie, remember? He wrote 
		could be the
		
		unofficial anthem of Zuccotti Park.
		
		 
		
		Listen up:
		
			
			Living now here but for fortune
			Placed by fate's mysterious schemes
			Who'd believe that we're the ones asked
			To try to rekindle the patriot's dreams
			
			Arise sweet destiny, time runs short
			All of your patience has heard their retort
			Hear us now for alone we can't seem
			To try to rekindle the patriot's dreams
			
			Can you hear the words being whispered
			All along the American stream
			Tyrants freed the just are imprisoned
			Try to rekindle the patriot's dreams
			
			Ah but perhaps too much is being asked of too few
			You and your children with nothing to do
			Hear us now for alone we can't seem
			To try to rekindle the patriot's dreams
		
		
		Who, in these cynical times, when democracy 
		is on the ropes and the blows of great wealth pound and pound and pound 
		again against America’s body politic - who would dream such a radical 
		thing?
		
		Look around.