...During the course of his life, the great physicist Albert
Einstein received many unsolicited papers with accompanying
requests for Einstein’s opinion.
As Einstein himself
wrote [1] most of these theories
contained little scientific worth. However, in the mid 1950’s (Einstein-Hapgood Papers) Einstein
received an original idea which he said "electrified me". [2]
The theory was by
Charles H. Hapgood and James H. Campbell, and
it later appeared in the YALE SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE. The title of
the paper was the "Effect of Polar Ice on the Crust of the
Earth". [3]
Einstein later wrote the preface to the first
edition of Hapgood’s book entitled the EARTH’S SHIFTING CRUST
...[4] (Earth Crust Displacement)
Hapgood proposed that the
accumulated centrifugal force generated by the unsymmetrical ice
packs of the poles caused enough momentum to displace the
earth’s crust....
This paper is not primarily concerned with the
’cause’ of the displacement, but rather with the
results upon
human populations following the event.
[[Hapgood locates the Hudson Bay 60 degrees North and 83 degrees
West as the site of crust formerly over the North Pole.]] [5]
For reasons which will become apparent we will present here the
movement of the SOUTH Pole. Included in the following map is the
true shape of Antarctica as it has now been revealed by seismic
surveys. [6]
Interestingly enough, the area intersected by the two circles is
in fact the area of thickest ice on Antarctica. [7]
This is
true, despite the fact that this same area currently receives
the lowest annual snowfall. [8] Notice also the large area of
the continent which was not in the last Antarctica Circle. This
land lay in a Temperate Zone. Inside the previous Antarctica
Circle there must have existed a huge floating ice pack in the
Indian Ocean southwest of Australia.
When the displacement of
the earth’s crust occurred this ice pack was moved to warmer
climatic zones. The resulting ’deluge’ must have destroyed the
majority of the peoples and animals who were living on the land
masses which now constitute our continental shelves.
For the
survivors, the event was so literally ’earth shaking’ that even
today legends persist of an event that in fact occurred
approximately 12,000 years ago.
To more fully understand some of the implication of this event
we must now turn to another earth science. It is an important
point that oceanographers now view the world’s oceans as one.
[[quote from an introductory work on oceanography stating the
world has but ONE ocean]] [9]
The following map includes the World Ocean and the position of
the poles. The southern hemisphere perspective is intentional.
In the map, land masses are joined as they were approximately
12,000 years ago. Notice also the land surrounding the World
Ocean.
We call this land the "World Continent", for at this time
in the earth’s development the continents of Africa, Europe,
Asia, North America and South America, were geographically
united. From the perspective of the southern hemisphere the
World Continent surrounded the World Ocean at this time.
...In TIMAEUS, [10] [11]
Plato wrote of a conversation between
his ancestor Solon and an Egyptian priest of the city of Sais,
in the approximate year of 600 B.C. The priest spoke of ’sacred
writings’ which recorded a time before the deluge, 9,000 years
previous (9,600 B.C. or approximately 12,000 years ago...
(Atlantean Worldview)
We believe the first implication of this ’earth science
revolution’ is the physical evidence which supports our claim
that Atlantis did in FACT exist. We believe that the account
given in TIMAEUS is an accurate southern hemisphere ’global’
view of the planet as it did in fact exist approximately 12,000
years ago.
Further, we believe that the previous Temperate Zone
of Antarctica was capable of supporting human populations. We
believe that Atlantis was our presently little understood
continent of Antarctica. (Discovering Atlantis) In addition, we
believe that Atlantis was an advanced civilization which
possessed an accurate geographical view of our planet.
To this
last point we present the following proofs:
-
The TIMAEUS account accurately identifies the existence of an
island continent.
-
The account
accurately identifies the islands which in fact do exist
between Antarctica and the World Continent (the ’modern’
world learned of these islands only in 1958).
-
The size of the island continent approximates Antarctica. [12]
-
The account speaks of a VERITABLE or REAL OCEAN (this is the
current opinion among oceanographers).
-
The account relates an accurate southern hemispheric perspective
of a World Continent surrounding the World Ocean.
-
The account records the earthquakes which must have in fact
occurred when the earth’s crust was displaced.
-
The account records the floods which destroyed vast areas of the
world (as in fact they did).
From two ancient sources we learn more of the priest who spoke
to Solon.
-
From Plutarch we learn that
Solon received the story
of Atlantis from one of Egypt’s most learned priests by the name
of Sonchis. [13]
-
From Clement of Alexandria we learn that
Sonchis was the instructor of Pythagoras. [14]
-
This is of
interest because Pythagoras is commonly regarded as the first
person to believe that the earth is a sphere. [15]
-
In addition, Pythagoras is commonly thought of by
Antarctica historians as
the first theorizer of that continent. [16]
We believe that the accurate maps that exist of
Antarctica (Egyptian Map of Antarctica) and the world which appear in
Hapgood’s second book entitled
MAPS OF THE ANCIENT SEA KINGS are
further physical evidence of an advanced civilization in
Antarctica...
See Hapgood’s response to this paper (A Letter from
Charles Hapgood).
FOOTNOTES
1. Albert Einstein - foreword to the first edition of Charles H.
Hapgood’s book the EARTH’S SHIFTING CRUST as it appears in the
revised edition entitled the PATH OF THE POLE. Philadelphia. New
York. London, Chilton Book Co., 1970 pages xiv and xv.
2. IBID.
3. Campbell, J.H. and Hapgood, C.H., "Effect of Polar Ice on the
Crust of the Earth". YALE SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE, v. XXXI, No. 1,
(Oct. 1956).
4. Einstein OP CIT.
5. Hapgood, Charles H. PATH OF THE POLE, (op cit) page xvii.
6. National Geographic Society, THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF
THE WORLD, Washington D.C., National Geographic Society, 1975,
pages 188 and 189.
7. Strahler, Arthur N. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 3rd
edition, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. (1965) 1973 edition page 355.
8. Rubin, Morton J. "Antarctic Meteorology" in Lewis, Richard S.
and Smith, Philip M. FROZEN FUTURE: A PROPHETIC REPORT FROM
ANTARCTICA, New York, Quandrangle Books, 1973, page 161.
9. Anikouchine, William A. & Sternberg, Richard W. THE WORLD
OCEAN: AN INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Prentice-Hall, 1973, page 2.
10. Plato TIMAEUS ...
11. IBID.
12. for example of maps of the time see Grant, Michael GODS AND
MORTALS IN CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, Springfield Mass., G&C Merriam
Co. 1973, page 430.
13. Plutarch, THE LIVES OF THE NOBLE GRECIANS AND ROMANS as
reproduced and translated by Scott-Kilvert, Ian in the Penguin
Books edition, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, (1960) 1971
edition, page 69.
14. Clement of Alexandria, STOMATA, Book I, Chapter XV, as
translated by Roberts, Rev. Alexander, THE ANTE-NIOCENE FATHERS
Volume II, Buffalo, Christian Literature Pub. Co., 1885, page
315.
15. see for EXAMPLE Clotfelter, Beryl E. THE UNIVERSE AND ITS
STRUCTURE, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1976, page 8. OR for the
earliest account see Diogenes Laertius LIVES OF EMINENT
PHILOSOPHERS, in the Loeb Classical Library series translated by
Hicks, R.D., William Heinemann Ltd., London & Harvard University
Press, Cambridge Mass., (1925) 1972 edition page 365.
16. see for EXAMPLE, Lewis, Richard A CONTINENT FOR SCIENCE, New
York, Viking Press, 1965, page 3.
17. Hapgood, Charles H. MAPS OF THE ANCIENT SEA KINGS,
Philadelphia, New York, Chilton Book Co., 1966
