by Amir Efrati
May 24, 2013

from WSJ Website

 

 

 

Anton Troianovski contributed to this article. A version of this article appeared May 25, 2013, on page B1 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Google Pushes Into Emerging Markets.

 

 

Google Inc. is deep into a multipronged effort to build and help run wireless networks in emerging markets as part of a plan to connect a billion or more new people to the Internet.
 

 

 

 

Google Inc. is working to build and help run wireless networks

in emerging markets such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia,

connecting a billion or more new people to the Internet.

WSJ's Amir Efrati reports.

 

 

These wireless networks would serve areas such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia to dwellers outside of major cities where wired Internet connections aren't available, said people familiar with the strategy.

The networks also could be used to improve Internet speeds in urban centers, these people said.

Google plans to team up with local telecommunications firms and equipment providers in the emerging markets to develop the networks, as well as create business models to support them, these people said. It is unclear whether Google already has lined up such deals or alliances.

A Google spokeswoman declined to comment.

In some cases, Google aims to use airwaves reserved for television broadcasts, but only if government regulators allowed it, these people said.

The company has begun talking to regulators in countries such as South Africa and Kenya about changing current rules to allow such networks to be built en masse. Some wireless executives say they expect such changes to happen in the coming years.

As part of the plan, Google has been working on building an ecosystem of new microprocessors and low-cost smartphones powered by its Android mobile operating system to connect to the wireless networks, these people said.

 

And the Internet search giant has worked on making special balloons or blimps, known as high-altitude platforms, to transmit signals to an area of hundreds of square miles, though such a network would involve frequencies other than the TV broadcast ones.

Google has also considered helping to create a satellite-based network, some of these people said.

"There's not going to be one technology that will be the silver bullet," meaning that each market will require a unique solution, said one person familiar with Google's plans.

The activities underscore how the Web search giant is increasingly aiming to have control over every aspect of a person's connection to the Web across the globe.

Google is deep into a multipronged effort to build and help run wireless networks in emerging markets.

The Mountain View, Calif. company now makes its own smartphones and tablets through its Motorola Mobility unit. It owns Android, the most-used mobile operating system for smartphones, and it is also preparing to sell Google Glass, a wearable device for people's faces that it hopes will transform computing.

Connecting more people to the Web world-wide creates more potential users of its Web-search engine and other services such as YouTube and its Google Play media and app store. More than half of the world's population doesn't use the Web, particularly in developing nations, researchers say.

More Internet users, in turn, would drive online advertising on many of Google's services. The company currently derives 87% of its annual $50 billion in revenue from selling online ads.

Google's expansion can also net more data about consumer behavior, which can be used to create more personalized services and target individuals with more relevant advertising, said Narayanan Shivakumar, a former Google engineering executive. And by profiting from data it gleans from how people use a network it operates, Google could build a business more cheaply than traditional carriers do today.

Providing wireless networks would allow Google to circumvent incumbent cable companies and wireless carriers. Such companies, particularly in the U.S. and Europe, have clashed with Google, believing it is unfairly reaping profits on the back of their networks. Google has long feared such companies would make it harder for its Web services to work properly on the networks, said people with direct knowledge of the matter.

In the U.S., Google has deployed its own fiber-optic cables to wire up homes in cities in Kansas with high-speed Internet and video, and it has plans to do the same in cities in Missouri, Texas and Utah and elsewhere.

 

Google also plans to launch powerful Wi-Fi networks in those markets that piggyback on its wired network, allowing anyone to use their mobile device to access the Web while they are in public spaces, said people familiar with the matter.

In mid-2011, Google also engaged in advanced discussions to buy rights to the airwaves, or spectrum, owned by wireless operator Clearwire Corp. according to people with direct knowledge of the matter. The talks ended without a deal as Google pursued its blockbuster acquisition of Motorola Mobility.

And last year, Google held talks with satellite-TV provider Dish Network Corp. to partner on a new U.S. wireless service that might rival the networks of carriers such as AT&T and Verizon Wireless, people familiar with the matter have said.

Separately, Google also has made financial investments in Internet-access-related startups such as O3b Networks Ltd. O3b this year will launch special satellites that would broadcast signals to power new networks operated by telecom companies for remote areas of developing countries around the world.

The drive to be a vertical player starts at the top of Google. Chief Executive Larry Page for years has spearheaded secret research on alternative methods to provide more people with Internet access, and has become more active in thinking about providing wireless Internet access to consumers, said people familiar with the matter.

The initiatives have since become more serious and are being led by Google's "access" unit, the Google X lab led by Google co-founder Sergey Brin, and Google.org, the company's nonprofit arm, these people said.

Google sees its revenue-generating Web services as "inextricably linked to the infrastructure" of the pipes that bring the Web to people's devices, said David Callisch, a marketing executive at Ruckus Wireless Inc. which helps build wireless Internet networks and has worked with Google on Wi-Fi projects.

Some of Google's steps toward giving emerging markets wireless access are public, with the company working with other organizations to convince governments in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia to change regulations to create new wireless networks using previously restricted airwaves.

 

Google has long been involved in public trials to prove the technology - which operates at lower frequencies than some cell networks, allowing signals to be more easily transmitted through buildings and other obstacles and across longer distances - can work.

Google and Microsoft Corp., normally archrivals, have cooperated to bring government leaders and wireless-industry entrepreneurs together to consider ways to open up the broadcast airwaves for public use.

 

Next week, the companies are hosting a two-day conference in Dakar, Senegal, to discuss the issue with regulators from numerous countries.

Google has also funded and conducted several small-scale trials, many of them public, involving wireless networks that use TV broadcast airwaves in the U.S. and beyond. Microsoft, which has its own Web services such as Bing search and Skype video chat, also is conducting such trials in Africa.

One of Google's trials is in Cape Town, South Africa, involving a "base station" that broadcasts the signals with a range of several miles, and wireless access points, or small boxes that receive the signals.

The access points, made by a California company called Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc., are located at 10 elementary schools and high schools and allow thousands of students to receive high-speed Internet access via Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi routers. The system is controlled by Google software that automatically recognizes which TV broadcast airwaves in the area aren't being used at a given moment and can be used for the network.

Arno Hart, who manages the trial on behalf of the Tertiary Education and Research Network of South Africa, which operates wired Internet services for educational institutions, said it began in February and has "gone really, really well."

In a blog post last year announcing the trial, Google said the technology was,

"well-suited to provide low cost connectivity to rural communities with poor telecommunications infrastructure, and for expanding coverage of wireless broadband in densely populated urban areas."

For such wireless networks, Google has publicly supported the possibility of using small, inexpensive cellular devices, called "micro cells" that would be located at the access points and would harness the TV airwaves to broadcast the equivalent of a 3G or 4G wireless signal for devices within a quarter-mile radius.

 

 

Google's Plan to Float 'Blimp Network'

...over Africa and Asia

by Bill Ray

29 May 2013

from TheRegister Website
 

 

Google is poised to flood Africa with uncontrolled connectivity via TV White Space frequencies, according the Wall Street Journal, though other wireless technologies will contribute to the mix.

The report, citing the usual "people familiar", doesn't say how much Mountain View will be investing in the project, only that it will blanket rural areas - including sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia - and will probably rely on a variety of techniques for backhaul, including high-altitude platforms (blimps) and satellites.

Realistically, such esoteric technologies will only be needed in the most rural of areas; they're unnecessary anywhere a microwave relay can be sited with a reliable power feed (and not stolen).

 

More than a billion people live in such areas, and White Space spectrum is the ideal way to address the last 20, 30 or 40 miles of connectivity.

White Spaces are radio frequencies not being used locally for TV transmissions, resulting from a historical anomaly. TV was an early claimant on radio frequencies and thus got allocated some of the best bands, in the 500MHz to 600MHz region, so those bands have always been off limits for internet access.

White Space networks get around that problem by using an online database of available frequencies. A base station, once it's connected to the microwave/blimp/satellite, reports its GPS coordinates and the protocol it would like to use.

 

The database then responds with an available frequency and maximum permitted transmission power, to prevent interference with TV signals further away. The base station passes that information on to its client devices and the network is live.

The clients can be tens of miles away, but as the signals can easily pass through walls and trees, direct line of sight isn't needed. Hills will still block transmission, and the curvature of the Earth can also be an issue (though some curvature of signal is possible).

 

The kit is really cheap though and there's a wealth of existing knowledge about how to improve reception in the TV bands.

Google has already run trials using White Space in South Africa, and Microsoft has also been linking up schools in the area (and making heart-warming videos about it), but both companies are running databases in the United States, where White Space radios recently became legal, and the UK, where they should be legal by the end of 2013.

These companies are particularly keen on White Space technology as it is being deployed licence-free, and thus beyond the control of the incumbent network operators.

The UK has been leading the world in the technology, but spectrum regulator Ofcom has been overwhelmed by the Olympics and 4G auctions, so is lagging slightly in permitting the exploitation of White Space frequencies.

Africa desperately needs more connectivity, and it's entirely unsurprising to find Google jumping in to provide it.

 

Until we know the scale of the investment we can't say how significant this news is, but it's clear that White Space will play an important role in bringing the light of the internet to the Dark Continent.